Tools and Techniques

Paper Code: 
ZOL-222
Credits: 
4
Contact Hours: 
60.00
Max. Marks: 
100.00
Objective: 
Course objectives:
This course will enable the students to -
1. Synthesize basic understanding of diverse techniques from microscopy to spectroscopy, colorimetry, chromatography, electrophoresis, ELISA, tissue culture to cloning etc.
2. Highlight the modern tools, techniques and methodologies. 
 
 

Course

Learning outcomes

      (at course level)

Learning and teaching strategies

Assessment Strategies

Paper Code

Paper Title

ZOL222

Tools

&

Techniques

 

The students will  –

CO37: Develop an understanding of different techniques, its principle of working and its correct application.

CO38: Appraise the detailed knowledge of maintenance of laboratory equipment/ tools, safety hazards and precautions.

CO39:  Analyse the technique of cell and tissue culture and an idea on various reproductive technologies

CO40: Develop an understanding of the principle and applications of radioisotopes in biological sciences and detection and measurement of radiation.

CO41: Intercept the knowledge about modern tools, techniques and methodologies.

CO42: Evaluate practical and theoretical aspects of different instruments.

 

Approach in teaching:

Interactive Lectures, Discussion, PowerPoint presentations, Assignments, Demonstration, Guest lectures

Learning activities for the students:

Self learning assignments, Effective questions, Simulation, Seminar presentation, Giving tasks, Field practical

Class test

Semester end examinations

Quiz

Assignments

Presentation

Individual and group presentations

 

15.00
Unit I: 
UNIT I
Principle and application of:-
● Light microscopy
● Phase contrast microscopy
● Polarized microscopy
● Fluorescence microscopy
● Transmission electron microscopy
● Scanning electron microscopy
● Confocal scanning microscopy
 
15.00
Unit II: 
UNIT II

Principle and application of:-

  • Ultracentrifugation :Differential and density gradient
  • Electrophoresis: Agarose, PAGE, Isoelectric- focussing points and Capillary electrophoresis
  • Chromatography: Paper, TLC, GLC, HPLC,Ion- exchange and Affinity chromatography
  • Lamberts – Beer’s Law and Calorimetry,
  • Spectrophotometer: Fluorescence, UV, NMR,ESR.

 

10.00
Unit III: 
UNIT III
 
● Principle and application of radiation techniques in biology
• Radioisotopes and half life of isotopes
• Tracer techniques in biology
• Autoradiography
• Geiger Muller counter
• Scintillation Counter
● Freeze techniques: Freeze –drying, Freeze substitution, Freeze fracture and freeze itch
● X-ray diffraction
● Flow cytometry/fluorescence activated cell sorter
 
10.00
Unit IV: 
UNIT IV
Principles and technique of:-
● Nucleic acid hybridization and cot curves
● Sequencing of nucleic acids
● Blotting techniques(Southern, Northern andWestern)
● Polymerase chain reaction
● Screening of genomic and complementary DNA libraries
 
 
10.00
Unit V: 
UNIT V
● Hybridoma technology
● Embryosexing
● Assisted reproductive technologies
● Cell culture techniques:-culture media, primary and secondary culture, cell line, transformation techniques (in brief) Cell proliferation measurements, Cell viability test
 
Essential Readings: 
BOOKS RECOMMENDED:
 
● Cell and Molecular Biology: Concepts and Experiments, (4th edition), G Karp, John Wiley & sons, Inc., 2005.
● Principles and Techniques of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology ,(6th edition), K Wilson and J Walker (editor), Cambridge University Press, 2007
● Introduction to Instrumental analysis; Robert Braun:, Mc –Graw hill,
● Cell and Molecular Biology, (3rd edition), P Sheeler and D E Bianchi, John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 1987
● Essentials of Biophysics, P Narayanan, New Age Int. Pub. New Delhi. 2000
● Fundamental Laboratory Approaches for Biochemistry and Biotechnology, A J Ninfa., D P Ballou, Fitzgerald science press, Inc., 1998.
● Principles and Practice of Bioanalysis, R F Venn, Taylor and Francis, 2003
● Bioinstrumentation, J G Webster, John Wiley & Sons Inc. 2004
● Protein Purification Principles and Practice, (3rd edition), R K Scopes, Spring International, 2004
● Spectroscopy for the Biological Sciences, G GHames, John Wiley & Sons Inc. 2005
 
Academic Year: 
2021-2022
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