Tools and Techniques

Paper Code: 
LSC 143 D
Credits: 
04
Contact Hours: 
60.00
Max. Marks: 
100.00
12.00
Unit I: 
Spectroscopy

Spectroscopy and Spectrometry, Types of Spectroscopy.  Atomic Spectroscopy: Flame Emission Spectroscopy and X- Ray Spectroscopy.                                                          Molecular Spectroscopy: IR Spectroscopy, UV Spectroscopy and Visible Spectroscopy Nuclear Spectroscopy:  NMR Spectroscopy.       

12.00
Unit II: 
Microscopy

Magnification  and Resolution , Simple and compound microscope.  Types of microscopy – Optical Microscopy (Bright Field and Dark Field Microscopy, Phase contrast Microscopy, Fluorescence Microscopy, Confocal, Electron Microscopy (SEM, TEM).    

12.00
Unit III: 
Histology of Tissues

Selection of material, chemical fixation, fixatives,  tissue dehydration using a graded solvent series of ethanol or acetone,  rehydration, infiltration and embedding tissues, sectioning, mounting and staining, alternate methods of microtomy (cryotome, cryostat).

12.00
Unit IV: 
Chromatography
Technique, types, applications and limitations.
 
Techniques based on bed shape- Column Chromatography, Paper Chromatography and Thin Layer Chromatography
Techniques based on physical state of mobile phase- Gas Chromatography, Liquid Chromatography and High Pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC).
 

Techniques based on separating mechanism- Ion Exchange Chromatography and Size Exclusion Chromatography                                 

12.00
Unit V: 
Microbiological techniques

Sterilization and disinfection, Simple and Complex Media, Preparation of media -solid and liquid media, nutrient agar slabs, slants and plates, Staining techniques, simple and differential staining, Instrumentation,  Inoculation, Pure culture techniques: streak plate, pour plate and spread plate method.                    

Essential Readings: 

Books Recommended:

 

  • A Biology Guide to Principles and Techniques of Practical Biochemistry. Wilson, K & Goulding, KH. ELBS edition.
  • Introduction to Instrumental Analysis. Robert Brown. Mc Graw Hill Internatiuonal Edition.
  • Introduction to Practical Molecular Biology. Dabre, PG. John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
  • Kuby Immunology (fourth edition). Golds, RA. Thomas J. Kintz, Barbara, A. Osborne, Freeman & Co., New York.
  • Microbiological Applications: A Laboratory Manual in General Microbiology. Benson, HJ. WCG; WnC Brown Publishers.
  •  Microbiology, A Laboratory Manual. Cappuccino, JG and Sherman, N. Addison Wesley.
  • Molecular and Cellular Methods in Biology & Medicine. 1995. Win, K, Kim & Cseke. CRC Press, Florida 
  • Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual. Sambrook,J Fritsch, EF & Maniatis, T. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, New York.

 

Academic Year: 
2025-2026
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