Gene Differentiation and Gamete Biology

Paper Code: 
ZOL 421
Credits: 
4
Contact Hours: 
60.00
Max. Marks: 
100.00
Objective: 

Course Outcomes (COs):

Course

Learning outcomes

(at course level)

Learning and teaching strategies

Assessment Strategies

Paper Code

Paper Title

ZOL421

Gene Differentiation & Gamete Biology

 

Students will :

CO120: Differentiate and evaluate  about the levels of organization among different groups of vertebrates and understand that different organs and organ systems integrate to impart proper regulation of a particular function

CO121: Develop an understanding about the process of gamete formation from stem cell population to mature ova and sperm.

CO122: Appraise the detailed knowledge of steps leading to the formation of gametes and development of embryos.

CO123: Describe the mechanisms underpinning cellular diversity and specificity in animals.

CO124: Analyse and demonstrate the process of Morphogenesis and Teratogenesis.

Approach in teaching:

Interactive Lectures, Discussion, Tutorials, Reading assignments, Demonstration, Team teaching

Learning activities for the students:

Self-learning assignments, Effective questions, Simulation, Seminar presentation, Charts or model preparation

 

Class test

Semester end examinations,

Quiz

Assignments,

Presentations

Surprise test

Open book test

 

16.00
Unit I: 
UNIT I

Introduction to animal development

  • Problems and scope of developmental biology
  • Development in unicellular eukaryotes
  • Developmental patterns in Metazoans Spermatogenesis

Oogenesis & vitellogenesis

  • Morphology
  • Endocrinology
  • Ovarian follicular growth and differentiation
  • Ovulation and ovum transport in mammals
12.00
Unit II: 
UNIT II

Fertilization

Creating multicellularity

  • Cleavage types, planes and pattern
  • Blastulation
  • Gastrulation in tetrapods: Morphogenetic movements Early Vertebrate development (till differentiation)
  • Neurulation: Formation and Differentiation of neural tube
  • Derivatives of Ectoderm, Mesoderm and endoderm
12.00
Unit III: 
UNIT III
  • Cell commitment, specification and differentiation
  • Cell specification in nematodes
  • Germ cell determinants
  • Germ cell migration
  • Progressive cell -cell interaction Early development in Birds andMammals
  • Cleavage and Gastrulation
  • Establishment of bod axis

 

10.00
Unit IV: 
UNIT IV
Genetics of axis specifications in Drosophila Homeoboxconcept
Tetrapod limb development
● Specification of the Limb fields:Hox genes andRetinoic acid
● Induction of the early Limb bud : Fibroblast Growth factors
● Specification of Forelimb or Himd limb:Tbx4 andTbx5
● Induction of the apical Ectodermal ridge
● Generating the Proximal –Distal axis of the limb
● Specification of the Anterior –Posterior limb
● Generation of the Dorsal –Ventral axis of the limb
● Coordination of the three axis
● Cell Death and the formation of the digits andJoints Hormones as mediators of development
● Amphibians Metamorphosis: Morphological Changes, Biochemical Changes associated with metamorphosis and HormonalControl
● Insect Metamorphosis: Types of insect metamorphosis, Hormonal control
10.00
Unit V: 
UNIT V
Chromosomal sex determination in mammals: Testis determining genes, Ovarian genes
● Secondary sex determination in mammals Environmental sex determination Significance of Stem Cells
● Teratology
Essential Readings: 
  • Gilbert, S. F. (2010). Developmental Biology, IX Edition, SinauerAssociates,Inc., Publishers, Sunderland, Massachusetts, USA.
  • An Introduction to Embryology :Balinsky, B.I. : W.B. Saudersm,Delhi.
  • Development Biology. Berrill, N.J. McGraw Hill book Com. NewYork.

 

REFERENCES: 

SUGGESTED READINGS:

  • Modern Embryology : Bodemer, C.W. : Holt Rein chart and Winstom, Inc. New York, Chicago.
  • Carlson, R. F. Patten's Foundations of Embryology
  • Kalthoff (2008). Analysis of Biological Development, II Edition, McGraw- HillPublishers.
  • Lewis Wolpert (2002). Principles of Development. II Edition, Oxford UniversityPress.
  • Gene activity during early development, Davidson, E. H. Academic Press, New York.

e RESOURCES:

Journal:

  • Journal of Developmental Biology
  • International Journal of Developmental Biology

 

 

Academic Year: 
2023-2024
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