COMPARATIVE ANATOMY AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY OF VERTEBRATE

Paper Code: 
24CZOL201
Credits: 
4
Contact Hours: 
60.00
Max. Marks: 
100.00
Objective: 
This course will enable the students to - 
1. Differentiate various biological systems among vertebrate groups (Pisces, Amphibia, Reptile, Aves, Mammal) 
2. Compare integumentary and Skeletal systems in different classes of vertebrates. 
3. Analyze evolution of circulatory and respiratory systems. 
4. Appraise the anatomy of the brain and various sense organs in vertebrates and the evolutionary relationships among their development. 
5. Understand the developmental processes that occur in Vertebrates  

 

Course Outcomes: 

Course

Learning outcomes

(at course level)

Learning and  teaching 

strategies

Assessment  Strategies

Course 

Code

Course Title

24CZOL201

Comparative Anatomy and Developmental Biology of

Vertebrates (Theory)

CO 13: Appraise the 

development of 

Integumentary, Skeletal and digestive systems in different classes of vertebrates.

CO 14: Comparatively 

analyze respiratory and circulatory of vertebrate 

groups (Pisces, Amphibia,  Reptile, Aves, Mammal)

CO 15: Compare detailed  anatomy of urogenital systems and  various sense organs in  vertebrates and establish  the evolutionary relationships among their  development.

CO 16: Build understanding of early embryonic developmentfrom gametogenesisto neurulation

CO 17: Analyze late embryonic development in vertebrates.

CO18:Contribute effectively in course-specific interaction

The approach in teaching:

Interactive 

Lectures, 

Discussion, 

Tutorials, 

Reading 

assignments, Demonstration, Team teaching Learning 

activities for the students:

Self-learning 

Assignment,Effective 

questions, 

Simulation, 

Seminar 

presentation,  Giving tasks like  chart or model  preparation

Class test 

Semester end examinations, Quiz, 

Assignments, Presentation Surprise test

Open book 

Test

 

12.00
Unit I: 
Comparative account of Integumentary, Skeletal and Digestive System
Integumentary System Derivatives of integument w.r.t. glands, scales , feathers and hair  
Skeletal System 
Brief account of axial and appendicular skeleton 
Digestive System 
Brief account of alimentary canal and digestive glands 
12.00
Unit II: 
Comparative account of Respiratory and Circulatory System
Respiratory System: 
Brief account of Gills, lungs
Circulatory System: 
Evolution of heart and aortic arches 
12.00
Unit III: 
Comparative account of Urinogenital System and Sense Organs
Urinogenital System: 
Succession of kidney, Evolution of urinogenital ducts 
Sense Organs: 
Types of receptors 
12.00
Unit IV: 
Early Embryonic Development
Gametogenesis: Spermatogenesis and oogenesis w.r.t. mammals, vitellogenesis in birds;  
Fertilization: external (amphibians), internal (mammals), blocks to polyspermy;  
Structure of mature egg and its membranes
Patterns of cleavage, 
Gastrulation: Types of morphogenetic movements; 

 

12.00
Unit V: 
Late Embryonic Development
Fate maps
Fate of germ layers
Neurulation in frog embryo 
Implantation of embryo in humans, Formation of human placenta and functions, other types of placenta on the basis of histology
Metamorphic events in frog life cycle and its hormonal regulation. 
Essential Readings: 
ESSENTIAL READINGS:  
● Young, J.Z.: The Life of Vertebrates. III Edition, Oxford University Press, Oxford. 
● Text book of Chordate Zoology vol. II ;Sandhu, G.S. and Sandhu, G.S; Campus Books.
● Modern text book of Zoology-Vertebrates; Kotpal, Rastogi Publication.  
● Liem, K. F., Bemis,W. E., Walker, W.F. & Grande, L. 2001. Functional Anatomy of the  Vertebrates: AnEvolutionary Perspective.Brooks Cole.  
● Kardong, Kenneth V. 2012.Vertebrates Comparative Anatomy, Function, Evolution.  McGraw Hill Higher Education. 6th edition. COURSEback 
● P S Verma and V K Agarwal Chordate Embryology S. Chand Publishing, 2006 ISBN 8121902614 
● K.V. Sastry & Vineeta Shukla Developmental Biology 2nd Revised Edition: 2018-2019 ISBN 978-93-5078-128-9. 
 
 
SUGGESTED READINGS: 
● Kent, George C. & Carr,Robert K. 2009. Comparative Anatomy of the Vertebrates.McGraw-Hill Science.  
● M. Hildebrand, 1995. Analysis of vertebrate structure. (John Wiley & Sons). 
● J.S. Kingsley, 1974. Outline of comparative anatomy of vertebrates. (Central Book Depot,  Allahabad). 
● K.V. Kardong, 2005. Vertebrates: Comparative anatomy, function, evolution (Tata  McGraw Hill Co.). 
● Gilbert, S. F. (2010). Developmental Biology, IX Edition, Sinauer Associates, Inc., Publishers, Sunderland, Massachusetts, USA. 
 
Academic Year: 
2024-2025
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