Cell and Molecular Biology II

Paper Code: 
ZOL-423(B)
Credits: 
4
Contact Hours: 
60.00
Max. Marks: 
100.00
Objective: 

The course material has been prepared to help the students-

  1.  To understand the ability of our immune system to defend against invading pathogens in a logical fashion. 
  2. This includes our innate ability to defend against microorganisms (innate immunity); should this first line of defense fail, how we can fight infections (acquired immunity); if we react excessively, what price we pay (hypersensitivity); if we misdirect our defense, what the consequences are  (autoimmunity) and very importantly, can we prevent pathogens from infecting us (vaccination).

Learning outcomes-

At the end of the course, the students should be able to:

  1. Conceptualize how the innate and adaptive immune responses coordinate to fight invading pathogens.
  2. Determine what immunomodulatory strategies can be used to enhance immune responses or to suppress unwanted immune responses such as might be required in hypersensitivity reactions, transplantations or autoimmune diseases.
  3. Critically review the sample literature to determine the strengths and weaknesses of the data published in immunology and its novelty.
  4. Explore strategies to improve existing vaccines and how to approach these.
12.00
Unit I: 
UNIT I

Molecular Immunology.

Humoral and Cell mediated immunity.

  • Innate (nonspecific) immunity.
  • Adaptive (specific) Immunity.

 

Cells and organs of immune system.Hematopoiesis

  • B-lymphocytes, T-lymphocytes, Null cells.
  • Mononuclear cells
  • Granulocytic cells     
  • Mast Cells.
  • Dendritic cells.

Organs of immune system.

Lymphatic system.

  • Primary lymphoid organs
  • Secondary    lymphoid    organs   

Antigens.

  • Immunogenicity versus antigenicity.
  • Factors  influence immnogenicity
  • Contribution   of  Biological   system. (Genotype   of  the recipient    animal,    immunogen    dosage    and    route    of
    administration, adjuvants).
  • Epitopes
  • Haptans.
12.00
Unit II: 
UNIT II

Immunoglobulins : Structure and function.

  • Molecular structure of Ig, Light chain and Heavy chain
  • Immunoglobulin domains.

 

  • Immunoglobulin classes
  • Immunoglobulin-mediated     effector    functions                                     
  • Antigenic determinants on immunoglobulin (isotype, allotype and idiotype).

 

Generation of antibody diversity.

  • Multiple germ line V, D and J gene segments.
  • Combinatorial V-J and V-D-J joining.
  • Junctional flexibility.
  • P-addition and N-addition.
  • Association of heavy and light chain.

Class switching among constant region genes.

  • Expression of Ig genes.
  • Regulation of Ig gene transcription.
  • Antibody genes and antibody engineering.
12.00
Unit III: 
UNIT III

Antigen-Antibody Interaction.( in vivo and in vitro)

Major Histocompatibility complex.

  • General organization and inheritance of MHC.
  • Genomic maps of MHC genes.
  • MHC molecules and genes.

 

  • Cellular distribution of MHC molecules.
  • Regulation of MHC expression.
  • MHC and immune responsiveness.
  • MHC and disease susceptibility.

 

12.00
Unit IV: 
UNIT IV

Antigen Processing and Presentation.

  • Role of antigen presenting cell.
  • The cytosolic pathways.Endogenous antigens :
  • The endocytic pathway Exogenous antigens :.
  • Presentation of nonpeptide bacterial antigens.

Cytokines: general structure properties and functions

  • Cytokine related diseases.

 

Immune system in Health and Disease.

  • Immune response to infectious disease
    • Viral infections
    • Bacterial infections
    • Protozoa and diseases

Diseases caused by helminthes

12.00
Unit V: 
UNIT V

Vaccine.

  • Active and passive immunization
  • Types of vaccines

AIDS and other immunodeficiencies.

Autoimmunity: Proposed mechanisms for induction of autoimmunity

  • Systemic autoimmune diseases

Organ specific autoimmune disease

Essential Readings: 
  • Karp  Cell and Molecular Biology. Concepts and experiments. John Wiley and sons. Inc. New York, 1999
  • Malacinski G.M. and Frifeilder D. Essentials of Molecular Biology Jones and Bartlett Publishers Boston, 1999
  • Cooper, G .M. The cell A molecular approach. ASM Press, Washington DC, 2000.
  • Shelve P. and Blanch DEW, Cell and Molecular Biology. John Wile) and Sons Inc., New York, 1994.
  • Darnell, J.L. Lodish, H and Baltimore, D. Molecular Cell Biology, Scientific American Books Inc. New York.
  • Watson, J.D., Hopkins, N.H. Roberts, J.W Steitz, J.A. and Weiner A.M. Molecular Biology of the Gene. The Benjamin/Cumings Pub. Co. Inc. California
  • Gardner, EJ. Simons, MJ. and Snustad, D.P. Principles of Genetics. John Wiley .& Sons Inc. New York
  • Voet, D. and Voet, J.G. Biochemistry, John Wiley & Sons Inc New York.
  • Zubay, G.L. Parson, WW and Vance, D.E. Principles of Biochemistry. Wm.C. Brown Publishers, Oxford, England.
  • Goldsby, RA.. Kindt, T.J. and Osborne, B.A. Kuby Immunology, WH Free- I man & Co. New York.
References: 
  • Alberts B, Bray D, LewioJ, RaffM, Roberts K and Watson J.D. Molecular Biology of the Cell. Garland Publishing, Inc. New York, 1994.
  • Glick B. R. and Pasternak 1.1. Molecular Biotechnology Principles and Applications of Recombinant DNA. ASM Press, Washington, 1998.
  • Bolrover S.R. Hyams J.S., Jones S. Shephard E.A. and White H.A. From genes to cells. Wiley-liss, New York, 1997.
  • Winnacker E.L. From genes to clones Introduction to gene technology Panima Education BookAgency, New Delhi. æ VCH Publishers, New York, 1987.
  • Giese A. C. Cell Physiology, WB. Saunders Co., Philadelphia, 1979
  • Freifelder D. Molecular Biology, Naroja Publishing House, New Delhi, 1997.
  • Frieerg E.C., Walker G.C. and Siede, W DNA Repair and Mutagenesis. ASM Press Wadbington DC, 1995.
  • Abbas. AK Lichtman, AR. and Pahes, J.S. Molecular Immunology, WB Saunders & Co, London
  • Cruse. J.M. and Lewis, RE. Atlas of Immunology, CRC Press,New York.
  • Talwar, G.P. and Gupta. S.K A HandbookofPractical and Clinical Immunology. Vall& II. Vikas Publishing House Pvt. Ltd. NewDelhi.
  • Dabre, D.D. Introduction to Practical Molecular Biology, John Wiley & Sons lnc; New York.
  • Micklos D.A. and Freyer G. A. DNA science A first course in recombinantDNATechanology. Carolina Biological supply compo and Cold Spring HarbourLahovatoy Press, Burhington , North corolina, 1990.
  • Lucent Micklos D.A. and Freyer G. A. DNA science A first course in recombinantDNATechanology. Carolina Biological supply compo and Cold Spring HarbourLahovatoy Press, Burhington , North corolina, 1990B. Genes VII. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2000.
  • Old R. W. and Primrose S. B. Principles of Gene Manipulation An introduction to genetic engineering. Blackwell Scientific Pub li- cation. London, 1989.
  • Twyman R. M. and Wisden W. Advanced Molecular Biology A Concise Reference Viva Books Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi: 1999
  • Gasque, C. E. A. Manual of laboratory experiences in Cell Biology Universal Book Stall New Delhi.
  • Meyers R.A. Molecular Biology and Biotechnology A comprehen- sive desk Reference. VCH Publishers, Inc. New York, 1995
  • Lodish H, BerkA, Zipurjky S. L., Matsudaira P, Baltimore D. and Darnell 3. Molecular Cell Biology W.H. freeman and company New York, 2000.

Academic Year: 
2019-2020
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