CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY I

Paper Code: 
25ZOL323B
Credits: 
4
Contact Hours: 
60.00
Max. Marks: 
100.00
Objective: 
This course will enable the students to -
1. Formulate fundamental knowledge of the cellular components, functions and regulatory pathways of the cell cycle emphasizing their significance in controlling cancer, aging and apoptosis.
2. Enlighten the students about life processes at the molecular levels. It includes the molecular structure of genes and chromosomes and regulation of post transcriptional and posttranslational gene expression.
 
Course Outcomes: 

Course

Learning outcomes (at course level)

Learning and teaching strategies

Assessmen t Strategies

Course Code

Course Title

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

25ZOL

324B

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Cell and Molecular Biology (Practical)

CO121. Deduce working and

principle of microscope and

oculometer.

CO122. Practical experience of  various

molecular biology techniques.

CO123.    Develop skills of various                chromosomal techniques and

examine morphology of different types of cells and tissues

CO124. Perceive knowledge about Chromosomes in chironomus larva and mammalian chromosomes from bone marrow.

CO125:Demonstrate skills and record the concepts  in the form  of practical file  and

reflect  on  personal learning experiences and experimental outcomes during viva voce.

CO126. Contribute effectively in course-

specific interaction

Approach in

teaching:

Practical,

Demonstration

Learning

activities for the

students: Practical knowledge, Effective Questions

Class test

Semester

end

examinatio

ns

Viva voce

 

12.00
Unit I: 
Molecular structure of genes and chromosomes
● Molecular definition of gene.
● Chromosomal organization of genes and non-coding DNA.
● Mobile DNA.
● Functional rearrangement of chromosomal DNA
● Mutation: Types, causes and detection, mutant types – lethal, conditional,
 
biochemical, loss of function, gain of function, germinal vs somatic mutants, insertional mutagenesis.
● Structural and numerical alterations of chromosomes: Deletion, duplication, inversion, translocation, ploidy and their genetic implications.
 
12.00
Unit II: 
Regulation of Gene Expression
● Operon Concept.
● Catabolite Repression.
● Positive and Negative regulation.
● Inducers and co-repressors.
● Attenuation mechanism
DNA binding & Protein dimerization domains.
● Homeodomain proteins.
● Zinc finger proteins.
● Leucine-Zipper proteins.
● Helix-loop-helix proteins
 
12.00
Unit III: 
Cell cycle
● Eukaryotic cell cycle-Gl, S, G2 and M Phases.
● Cell cycle and checkpoints.
● Molecular basis of cell cycle regulation.
● Cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases.
● Regulation of CDK-cyclin activity
Cell Death: Apoptosis and necrosis
● Extrinsic pathway
● Intrinsic pathway
● apoptotic and antiapoptotic genes
 
12.00
Unit IV: 
Cancer
Properties of cancer cell and onset of cancer
● Causes of cancer
● Retrovirus
● Mechanism of conversion of Proto-oncogenes to oncogenes
● Tumor suppressor genes
Aging: The biology of senescence:
● Maximum life span and life expectancy
● causes of aging
 
12.00
Unit V: 
UNIT V
● Mendelian principles: Dominance, segregation, independent assortment
● Interaction of genes: Codominance, incomplete dominance, dominant and recessive epistasis, complementary genes, supplementary genes, duplicate genes, lethal genes
● pleiotropy, penetrance and expressivity, linkage and crossing over, sex linkage, sex limited and sex influenced characters.
● Pedigree analysis:
autosomal recessive traits-
autosomal dominant traits:
X linked recessive traits
X linked dominant traits
Y linked traits
 
Essential Readings: 
● IWASA, J., MARSHALL, W. F., & KARP, G. (2016). Karp's cell and molecular biology: concepts and experiments.
● COOPER, G. M., & HAUSMAN, R. E. (2009). The cell: a molecular approach. Washington, D.C., ASM Press.
● Nelson et al, Lehninger’s Principles of Biochemistry, 4th Edition, McMillan, 2006.
● Alberts et al, Molecular Biology of The Cell, 2nd Edition , Garland 2007.
● Lewin, Genes IX, 9th Edition , Jones & Bartlett, 2007
● .Molecular Biology of the Cell ; Lewis and Watson
● Genes VII : Benjamin Lewin
SUGGESTED READINGS:
● Pastemak, An Introduction to Molecular Human Genetics, 2nd Edition, Fritzgarald, 2005.
● Strachen and Read, Human Molecular Genetics, 3rd Edition, Garland Sci. Publishing, 2004.
● Structural Chemistry and Molecular Biology Alexander Rich and Norman Davidson
● The Chemical Foundations of Molecular :James D. Watson
● Human Cytogenetic Techniques and Clinical Applications HemaPurandare and Arnit Chakravarty
● Progress in Nucleic Acid Research and Molecular Biology Vol. 9 J. N. Davidson
● Essentials of Human Genetics Bhatnagar,Kothari,Mehta
● Principles and Practice of Medical Genetics, by Emery, A.E.H and D.L. Rimoin (Eds_ (1990-2nd edition) Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh.
● Molecular Basis of Inherited Diseases, (6th Edition-1989) by Scriver, C.R. A.L. Beudit, W.S. Sty ab nd D. Valle (Eds0 McGrawHill, New York.
● Human Genetics by S.D. Gangane (2nd edition-Reprint 2001), B.L Churchill Livingstone Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.
● Genetics in Medicine by M.W. Thompson et al, 5th Edition, W.B. Sounders Company, London
● Genetic basis of common diseases by R. A. King et al, Oxford University Press.
● Mendelian inheritance in Man by Mc. Kusick V.A. (1998), 12th Edition, John Hopsins University Press, Baltimore.
 
References: 
e- RESOURCES:
● Cell biology -NPTEL- https://nptel.ac.in/courses/102103012
● Molecular Biology-NPTEL-https://nptel.ac.in/courses/102104052
 
e- JOURNAL:
● Molecular and Cellular Biology
● BMC Cell and Molecular Biology- ISSN: 2661-8850
Academic Year: 
2025-2026
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