PRACTICAL

Paper Code: 
25DZOL814
Credits: 
6
Contact Hours: 
180.00
Max. Marks: 
100.00
Objective: 
This course will enable the students to –
1. Design and conduct experiments, using a broad variety of experimental techniques, and interpret the data obtained to draw conclusions about whether the results do or do not support a hypothesis being tested and whether the experimental design was appropriate.
2. Work collaboratively with other students and with faculty, understanding that most scientific knowledge/conclusions draw(s) on multiple sources of data and multiple experimental approaches.
3. Learn “best approaches” for conducting experiments including laboratory safety, data replication and quality control, record keeping, and other aspects of “responsible conduct of research”.
4. Develop problem solving skills and analytical thinking skills.
 
Course Outcomes: 

Course

Learning outcomes (at course level)

Learning and teaching strategies

Assessme nt Strategie s

Course Code

Course Title

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

24DZO L814

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Practical

CO:241 Appraise hands-on practice of various microscopic techniques, occulometry, centrifugation and UV - visible spectroscopy.

CO:242 Understand the basics of cyclomixer, flow cytometry, subcellular fractionation and Alizarin preparation and their applications.

CO:243 Appraise hands-on experience of various molecular biology techniques including gel electrophoresis, chromatography and study of chromosomal aberrations and would learn about their applications in the research field.

CO:244 Analysis of water quality by assessment of various physical and chemical parameters and evaluate various qualitative and quantitative parameters of soil.

CO:245 Demonstrate skills and record the concepts in the form of practical file and reflect on personal learning experiences and experimental outcomes during viva voce.

CO:246 Contribute effectively in course-specific interaction

Approach                              in teaching:

Interactive Lectures, Discussion,                     Tutorials, Reading assignments, Demonstration, Team teaching

Learning activities for the students: Self                       learning assignments,

Effective questions, Simulation,Field practical

 

Semester end examinatio nViva voce Presentation

 

CONTENTS
Tools and Techniques
● Microscopes
● Standardization of Occulometer and measurements of tubular diameter, cell heights. 
● Measurement of diameter of thyroid follicles.
● To study the structure & function of Centrifuge.
● To study the principle of UV & visible light spectroscopy.
● To study the principle of cyclomixer.
● Flow cytometry
● To observe the subcellular fractionation of rat liver.
● Alizarin preparation.
Molecular Biology
● Chromosomal counting in bone marrow cells of a mammal
● Isolation of DNA
● Restriction digestion of DNA
● Agarose gel electrophoresis of DNA
● Separation of amino acids on paper and Thin layer Chromatography
● Separation of protein on SDS PAGE
Environmental Science and Wildlife Management
Water Evaluation Analysis (minimum of five analysis methods)
● Determination of chloride in the given water sample.
● Estimation of total hardness of given water sample.
● To determine the acidity of water.
● To determine the alkalinity of water.
● To estimate total solid in water.
● To estimate the total dissolved solid in the water sample.
● To determine the dissolved oxygen in a given water sample.
● To determine the BOD of a given water sample.
● To determine the free CO2 of a given water sample.
● To estimate the Calcium hardness of water.
● To estimate Magnesium hardness of a given water sample.
Soil Analysis (minimum of five analysis methods)
● Determination of organic carbon and organic matter in soil sample.
● Determination of CO3-& HCO3-in soil sample.
● Estimation of chlorophyll in plant material.
● Determination of leaf area index and percent leaf injury of sample from polluted sites.
● Determination of residual chloride in water sample.
● Determination of moisture in soil.
● Determination of frequency, density and abundance of community of quadrant
● Determination of dust holding capacity of leaves.
● Determination of bulk density of the given soil sample.
● Determination of water holding capacity of soil.
● Test for presence of inorganic salts in soil.
A visit to a sanctuary/National Park/Educational Tour (Preparation of Report)
 
Essential Readings: 
● Principles and Techniques in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Edited by Keith Wilson and John Walker, Cambridge University Press, (6th Edition),2007.
● Handbook of methods in Environmental Studies,Vol 2 (Air, noise, soil and overburden analysis) Maiti,S.K., Jaipur Publications.
● Handbook of Methods in Environmental Studies, Vol I, Water and Wastewater, Maiti,S.K., Jaipur 
Publications.
● Fundamental Laboratory Approaches for Biochemistry and Biotechnology, A J Ninfa., D P Ballou, Fitzgerald science press, Inc.,1998.
 
SUGGESTED READING:
● Sembulingam, K.Sembulingam. Essentials of medical Physiology, Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers, New Delhi.
● TextBook of Medical Physiology; Chatterjee, M.N and Shinde, R.; Jaypee brothers.( 2007)
● Principles of Wildlife management; James, A. Bailey; John Wiley & sons
● Introduction to Instrumental analysis; Robert Braun: Mc –Graw hill, International eds
● Environmental Science, Santra S.C., New Central Book Agency Pvt Ltd., Kolkata
● Environmental Science, Cunningham andSaigo
 
References: 
e-RESOURCES:
● Physiology-Swayamprabha-https://dth.ac.in/medical/course.php
● Anatomy-SwayamPrabha- https://dth.ac.in/medical/course.php
 
JOURNALS:
● American Journal of Physiology-
● Journal of Applied Physiology
● Frontiers in Physiology
● Environmental Science and Pollution Research
● Journal of Environmental Sciences
● Bioremediation Journal
● Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 
 
Academic Year: 
2025-2026
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