Practical

Paper Code: 
25DZOL714
Credits: 
6
Contact Hours: 
180.00
Max. Marks: 
100.00
Objective: 
This course will enable the students to –
1. Design and conduct experiments, using a broad variety of experimental techniques, and interpret the data obtained to draw conclusions about whether the results do or do not support a hypothesis being tested and whether the experimental design was appropriate.
2. Work collaboratively with other students and with faculty, understanding that most scientific knowledge/conclusions draw(s) on multiple sources of data and multiple experimental approaches.
3. Learn “best approaches” for conducting experiments including laboratory safety, data replication and quality control, record keeping, and other aspects of “responsible conduct of research”.
4. Gain familiarity with an area of science such that the students can present their work to a professional audience and also discuss their work with a general audience.
 
Course Outcomes: 

Course

Learning outcomes (at course level)

Learning and teaching strategies

Assessmen t Strategies

Course Code

Course Title

 

 

CO:211Illustrate     different                               laboratory

Approach in

Class test

 

 

specimens based on their external features

teaching:

Semester

 

 

and      appearance and their categorical

Interactive Lectures,

end

 

 

relation with various phylum.

Discussion,

examination

 

 

CO:212 Enhance their knowledge                                                        about

Demonstration,

s Viva voce

 

 

different  mitotic  stages  by                                                   preparing

Learning activities

Assignments

 

 

temporary slides of the onion root tip and

for

Presentation

 

 

visualizing the       stages of mitosis and

the students: Self-

Individual

 

 

meiosis    by    their    key    features               and

learning assignments,

and group

 

 

demonstrate bar body in buccal epithelial cells.

Effective questions, Simulation, Field

projects

 

 

CO:213 Perform various qualitative and

practical

 

 

 

quantitative biochemical techniques to

 

 

 

 

differentiate biomolecules based on

 

 

 

 

their physical and chemical properties

 

 

25DZOL

Practica

and analyze the effect of temperature

 

 

714

l

on the enzymatic activity of salivary amylase and liver catalase.

 

 

 

 

CO:214 Assess taxonomic biodiversity in

 

 

 

 

various    habitats    and    estimate               gene

 

 

 

 

frequency   in   populations   using                  Hardy

 

 

 

 

Weinberg law and differentiate between

 

 

 

 

various phytoplanktons and zooplanktons

 

 

 

 

CO:215Demonstrate skills and record the

 

 

 

 

concepts in the form of  practical file and

 

 

 

 

reflect on personal learning experiences

 

 

 

 

and experimental outcomes during viva

 

 

 

 

voce.

 

 

 

 

CO:216 Contribute effectively in course-

 

 

 

 

specific interaction.

 

 

 

CONTENTS
Invertebrates
Identification, classification & study of distinguishing features of representatives from various groups.
1. Phylum Protozoa- Polystomella, Formanifera, Opalina, Paramecium(Fission & conjugation) Vorticella, Euglena,Trypanosoma,Monocystis,Plasmodium.
2. Phylum Porifera-Sycon L.S & T.S, Spicules, Spongin fibres, Leucosolenia, Euplectella
3. Phylum Cnidaria- Obelia,(Polyp & Medusa), Millepora, Physalia,Pennatula, Metridium, Madrepora, Alcyonium, Gorgonia, Aurelia.
4. Phylum Helminthes- Ascaris, Taenia,Planaria
5. Phylum Annelida- Pontobdella, Aphrodite, Leech, Polygordius,Chaetopterus, Nereis, Heteronereis,Arenicola.
6. Phylum Arthropoda- Cyclops, Peripatus, Balanus, Lepas, Hippa, Belostoma, Limulus, Eupagurus, Julus, Scolopendra, Prayingmantis.
7. Phylum Mollusca- Murex, Bulla, Cardium, Arca, Turritella, Pinctada,Cypraea, Octopus,Nautilus.
8. Phylum Echinodermata- Echinus, Holothuria, Antedon, Asterias
9. Minor Phyla- Bugula, Plumatella, Crestatella, Pectinella,Phoronis,Dendrostoma
10. Larval Stages: Planula, Redia, Miracidium, Sporocyst,Cercaria,Metacercaria, Trochophore, Nauplius, Zoea, Mysis, Phyllosoma, Trilobite larva ofLimulus, Glochidium, Bipinnaria, Echinopluteus, Auricularia, Tornaria
 
DISSECTIONS:
Cockroach: General anatomy, Reproductive system, Nervous system Mouthparts: Cockroach
Biosystematics, taxonomy and evolution
Composition and assessment of the taxonomic diversity/biodiversity in a habitat (e.g. grassland, arid land, wet land etc.)
Estimation of gene and genotypic frequencies in light of Hardy-Weinberg law based on facial traits/thumb prints, ABO blood group data etc.
Project: Preparation of models showing the status of certain taxa or species in a particular habitat. Identification of Phytoplanktons and Zooplanktons from fresh water samples.
 
BIOCHEMISTRY
Qualitative analysis of Lipid, protein and Carbohydrate samples Colorimetric/Spectrophotometric estimation of:
Carbohydrate- glucose, Cholesterol, Protein Nucleic acids: DNA,RNA
Study of temperature effect on enzyme action: salivary amylase, liver catalase
 
Essential Readings: 
● Practical Zoology, vertebrates, Lal, S.S. Rastogi Publications, Meerut
● Practical Zoology, vertebrates,Kohli,K.S.,Ansari, A.S. Ramesh Book Depot, Jaipur.
● Introductory practical Biochemistry, Sawhney S.K., Singh R. 2009. 7th edition, Narosa publishing house Pvt. Ltd.
 
SUGGESTED READINGS:
● Wilson,K. and Walker, J. Principles and techniques of practical biochemistry, Cambridge press.
● Jordon, E.L., Verma P.S. Invertebrate Zoology, S Chand and Co. 
● Laboratory manual in Invertebrate & Experimental Zoology, Jacob Vyas Ramesh Book Depot, New Delhi.
● Zubay G. Biochemistry, William C. Brown Pub.
● Standard methods of biochemical analysis. Thimmaiah, S.R. Kalyani Publishers, Noida
 
References: 
E-RESOURCES:
● Experimental Biochemistry- NPTEL- https://nptel.ac.in/courses/104105102
● Biochemistry virtual lab- Amrita https://vlab.amrita.edu/?sub=3&brch=64
● Biotechnology and Biomedical Engineering- NPTEL labs- https://www.vlab.co.in/ba nptel-labs- biotechnology-and-biomedical-engineering 
 
Academic Year: 
2025-2026
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