Zoology

Paper Code: 
ZOL-114
Credits: 
3
Contact Hours: 
45.00
Max. Marks: 
100.00
Objective: 

OBJECTIVES-

To provide students with a basic understanding of:

  1. The chemical nature of biological macromolecules, their three-dimensional construction, and the principles of molecular recognition;
  2. properties of water, acid base nature
  3. different types of chemical bonds  in biomolecules
  4. Structure and classification of carbohydrate and lipids
  5. the metabolism of dietary and endogenous carbohydrate, lipid, and protein; and few Inborn errors related to metabolism.
  6. Sources , functions of Vitamins and their deficiency diseases.

 

Learning outcomes

By the end of the course, students will be able to:

  1. describe properties of water, acid base nature
  2. describe different types of chemical bonds  in biomolecules
  3. describe Structure and classification of carbohydrate and lipids
  4. demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the principles that govern the structures of macromolecules and their participation in molecular recognition;
  5. describe the principles of bioenergetics and enzyme catalysis;
  6. build on their knowledge and understanding about Inborn errors of carbohydrate metabolism, lipid metabolism and vitamins  deficiency diseases.
8.00
  • Water as a solvent, Ionization of water, weak acid and weak bases
  • pH, pKaand buffer
  • Types of chemical bonding:-

Electrovalent ,Covalent and non- covalent bond, H-Bond, Van der Waals interaction, Hydrophobic interactions

12.00

Carbohydrates

  • Classification, Structure & properties (monosaccharides& polysaccharides)
  • Metabolism- Oxidation of glucose through Glycolysis, Krebs cycle, Gluconeogenesis, Pentose phosphate pathway & Oxidative phosphorylation(ETC).

Glycogenesis and Glycogenolysis

10.00

Lipids

  • Classification, (Fatty acids, triglycerides, phospholipids, sphingolipids, Gangliosides, Glycolipids.)

 

  • Structure& properties
  • Biosynthesis of Triglycerides, Biosynthesis of Palmitic acid
  • Beta-oxidative pathway of fatty acids
9.00

Enzymes:

  • Classification, Properties
  • Mechanism of Enzyme action, activation energy
  • Kinetics (Michaelis-Menton Equation)
  • Factors affecting enzyme action

Enzyme Inhibition (Competitive and Non- competitive)

6.00

·         Inborn errors of carbohydrate metabolism:Galactosemia, Lactose Intolerance, Glycogen storage diseases

  • Inborn errors of lipid metabolism: Niemann pick disease, TaySach’sdisease,Gaucher’s disease, Krabbe’s disease

Vitamins: Occurrence, Function, Requirement, Deficiency diseases

Essential Readings: 
  • U. Satyanaryana . Biochemistry IV Edition, Elsevier (2013)
  • Jain,J.L.Fundamentals of Biochemistry ,S.Chand publishers New Delhi.
  • Murray, R.K.,Harper’sBiochemisttry;Appleton and Lange ,Norwalk,Connecticut.
  • Text Book of Medical Physiology; Chatterjee, M.N and Shinde, R.; Jaypee brothers.
  • Berg, J. M., Tymoczko, J. L. and Stryer, L. (2006). Biochemistry. VI Edition. W.H Freeman and Co.
References: 

 

Suggested Readings:

  • Tortora, G.J. and Derrickson, B.H. (2009). Principles of Anatomy and Physiology, XII Edition, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
  • Widmaier, E.P., Raff, H. and Strang, K.T. (2008)
  • Vander’s Human Physiology, XI Edition., McGraw Hill
  • Principles of Biochemistry; Smith et.al; McGraw Hill, New York.
  • Textbook of Medical Biochemistry; Ramakrishnan, S. Prasanan, K.G and Rajan, R; Orient Longman, Madras
  • Conn, E.E. and Stuff, P.K. Outlines of Biochemistry,John Wiley New York.
  • Donald Voet and Judith G. Voet Biochemistry, John Wiley and Sons., New York.
  • LubertStryer, Biochemistry International Student edition W.H. Freeman and Company, New York.
  • Metzler, D. Biochemistry, Academic Press.
  • Leninger, A.D. Principles of Biochemistry, CBS Publishers and Distributors, Shahdra, Delhi.
  • Nelson, D. L., Cox, M. M. and Lehninger, A.L. (2009). Principles of Biochemistry. IV Edition. W.H. Freeman and Co.
  • Murray, R.K., Granner, D.K., Mayes, P.A. and Rodwell, V.W. (2009). Harper’s Illustrated Biochemistry. XXVIII Edition. Lange Medical Books/Mc Graw3Hill.
  • H.S. Srivastava, Element of Biochemistry, Rastogi Publications Meerut.
  • Text Book of Medical Physiology; Chatterjee, M.N and Shinde, R.; Jaypee brothers.

 

 

Academic Year: 
2019-2020
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