Physiology

Paper Code: 
ZOL-411
Credits: 
3
Contact Hours: 
45.00
Max. Marks: 
100.00
Objective: 

Objectives

  1. The student will demonstrate a thorough understanding of the normal physiology of each organ system of the body.
  2.  Knowledge of the structure and function of the major organ systems, including the molecular, biochemical and cellular mechanisms for maintaining homeostasis.
  3. Students will be able to understand physiology of digestion, respiration, muscles, nervous system, circulatory system and their associated disorders.

Learning outcomes-

  1. Students will be able to understand the physiology at  cellular and system levels.
  2. Students will be able to describe the role and functions of different biomolecules.
  3. Students will be able to describe physiology of digestion, respiration, muscles, nervous system, circulatory system and their associated disorders
8.00

Digestion

  • Physiology of digestion in the alimentary canal and Role of hormone in digestion
  • Absorption of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, related diseases: (gastritis, vomiting, diarrhoea, acidity)

Physiology of Muscle Contraction

  • Functional architecture of skeletal muscle
  • Mechanism of skeleton muscle contraction

Related diseases: (Tetenai)

10.00

Physiology of Excretion:

  • Kinds of nitrogenous excretory end-products
  • (ammonotelic. uricotelic and ureotelic)
  • Functional architecture of mammalian kidney tubule
  • Formation of urine, Counter current mechanism
  • Hormonal regulation of water and electrolyte balance

Related diseases: (Addison’s disease, Conn’s disease, Diabetes insipidus.)

9.00

Blood

  • Composition and function of Blood and lymph
  • Blood groups
  • Blood coagulation
  • Function of hemoglobin.

Respiration

  • Mechanism and control of breathing.
  • Physiology of Respiration, Transportation of O2 and CO2
  • Concept of partial pressure of gases.
  • Bohr's Effect

Related diseases: (Emphysema, Atelectasis, Dyspnea, Cyanosis, Polycyathemiavera).

10.00

Heart

  • Structure; origin, conduction and regulation of heart beat
  • Cardiac cycle
  • ECG.
  • Related diseases: (Angina pectoris, Atherosclerosis, cardiac arrest, Tachycardia, Bradycardia)

Peripheral circulation –

  • Blood pressure
  • Capillary pressure
8.00

Physiology of Nerve Impulse and Reflex Action

  • Functional architecture of a neuron
  • Origin and propagation of nerve impulse,
  • Synaptic transmission
  • Reflex action and reflex arc

Related diseases: (Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer, Multiple sclerosis, Epilepsy.)

Essential Readings: 
  • Text Book of Medical Physiology; Chatterjee, M.N and Shinde, R.; Jaypee brothers.
  • Sembulingam, K.  andSembulingam. Essentials of medical Physiology, Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers, New Delhi.
  • Text Book of Medical Physiology; Guyton, A.C; International student edition. W.B. Saunders.

 

References: 

Suggested reading

  • Tortora, G.J. and Derrickson, B.H. (2009). Principles of Anatomy and Physiology, XII Edition, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
  • Widmaier, E.P., Raff, H. and Strang, K.T. (2008)
  • Vander’s Human Physiology, XI Edition., McGraw Hill
  • General and Comparative Animal Physiology, Hoar, W.S. Prentice Hall of Indian.
  • Animal Physiology: adaptation and Environment, Knut SchiemdtNeilsen. Cambridge  Press, UK.
  • A regulatory Systems Approach. Strand, F.L. Physiology: Macmillan Publishing Co., New York.
  • Ganong. Review of medical physiology. 21 st edition, Lang medical Publications.
  • Keel et al., Samson Wright’s  Applied Physiology, 13 th Edition Oxford Press.
  • Animal Physiology. R. W. Hill, G.A. Wyse and M. Anderson, Sinauer, New York.
  • An Introduction to Animal Physiology, Ian Kay, Bios scientific Pub., Oxford, U
  • Animal Physiology Mechanisms and Adaptation. Eckert, R.W.H. Freeman and Company, New York
  • Environmental Psysiology, Willmer,P.G.Stone, and I.Johnson. Blackwell Sci. Oxford, UK.
  • Adaptation to Environment. Essays on the Psysiology of Marine Animals. Newell, R.C. (ed.) 1976. Butterworths, London, UK.
  • Psysiological Ecology: An evolutionally approach to resource use. Townsend, C.R. and P. Cawlow. Blackwell Sci. Publ., Oxford, UK
  • Optima for Animals. Alexander, R.M.N. Princeton Univ. Press. Princeton, NJ
  • Comparative Physiology: Life in water or land. Dejours,P., L. Bolis,   C.R.Taylor and ER. Weibel (eds.). Liviana Press, Padova,

 

Academic Year: 
2019-2020
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