Practical

OBJECTIVES AND OUTCOMES

• Design and conduct experiments, using a broad variety of experimental techniques, and interpret the data obtained to draw conclusions about whether the results do or do not support a hypothesis being tested and whether the experimental design was appropriate.
• Work collaboratively with other students and with faculty, understanding that most scientific knowledge/conclusions draw(s) on multiple sources of data and multiple experimental approaches.
• Learn “best approaches” for conducting experiments including laboratory safety, data replication and quality control, record keeping, and other aspects of “responsible conduct of research”.
• Gain familiarity with an area of science such that the students can present their work to a professional audience and also discuss their work with a general audience.
• Develop problem solving skills and analytical thinking skills.

Animal Diversity IV &V

Study of museum specimens and slides:

Hemichordate:Balanoglossus

Urochordate:Herdmania, Doliolum.

Cephalochordata:Amphioxus

Cyclostomata: Petromyzon, Ammocoete larva

Pisces:Labeo, Echeneis, Zygaena(Sphyrna), Torpedo, Chimaera,Acipensor, Clarias,  Anguilla, Hippocampus, Exocoetus, Any flat fish, Protopterus

Dissection:Scoliodon (Demonstration)—Cranial nerves; Afferent & efferent blood vessels, Eye muscles, Internal ear

Permanent mount—Ampulla of Lorenzini, Placoid scales(Scoliodon)

Amphibia:Ichthyophis, Ambystoma, Axolotl larva, Alytes, Hyla.

Reptiles:Testudo, Sphenodon, Hemidactylus, Phrynosoma, Draco, Chameleon, Eryx, Hydrophis, Naja, Viper, Bungarus, Crocodylus,

Aves: Archaeopteryx, Running bird (Ostrich), Pavo, Choriotis(Great Indian bustard), Passer, Migratory bird(Siberian crane), Pigeon

Mammals:Ornithorhynchus, Tachyglossus, Macropus (Kangaroo), Bat, Loris, Whale, Rhesus.

Study of Experimental animals—Swiss albino Mice

Biological tools and techniques

• Microscopes
• Standardisation of Occulometer and measurements of tubular diameter,cell heights.
• Measurement of diameter of thyroid follicles.
• To study the structure & function of Centrifuge.
• To study the principle of UV & visible light spectroscopy
• To observe the sub cellular fractionation of rat liver.

Bioinformatics:

 Similarity searches between sequence using BLAST

  Similarity searchesbetween sequence using FASTA