Tools & Techniques

Paper Code: 
ZOL 222
Credits: 
4
Contact Hours: 
60.00
Max. Marks: 
100.00
Objective: 

Objectives

The course Objectives to provide students with a basic understanding of:

 

  1. Various techniques used in biological sciences
  2. Types of Microscope and their use.
  3. Principles and use of analytical instruments: centrifugation, spectrophotometer, Chromatography, Electrophoresis, PCR and ELISA
  4. Genetic engineering

Learning Outcomes- By the end of the course, students should be able to:

 

  1. Describe Various techniques used in biological sciences
  2. Use various types of Microscope in required field.
  3. Describe and use various analytical instruments: centrifugation, spectrophotometer, Chromatography, Electrophoresis, PCR and ELISA
  4. Use techniques of Genetic engineering

 

 

15.00
Unit I: 
UNIT I

Principle and application of :-

· Light microscopy

· Phase contrast microscopy

· Polarized microscopy

· Fluorescence microscopy

· Transmission electron microscopy

· Scanning electron microscopy

Confocal scanning microscopy

15.00
Unit II: 
UNIT II

Principle and application of :-

  • Ultracentrifugation :Differential and density gradient
  • Electrophoresis: Agarose,PAGE, Isoelectro-focussing points and Capillary electrophoresis
  • Chromatography:Paper,TLC,GLC,HPLC,Ion-exchange and Affinity chromatography
  • Lamberts – Beer’s Law and Colorimetry,
  • Spectrophotometery:Fluorescence,UV,NMR,, ESR.

 

10.00
Unit III: 
UNIT III

Principle and application of radiation techniques in biology

  • Radioisotopes and half life of isotopes
  • Tracer techniques in biology
  • Auotoradiography
  • Geiger Muller counter
  • Scintillation Counter

Freeze techniques: Freeze –drying, Freeze substitution, Freeze fracture and freeze itch

X-ray diffraction

Flow cytometery/fluorescence activated cell sorter

 

10.00
Unit IV: 
UNIT IV

Principles and technique of :-

  • Nucleic acid hybridization and cot curves
  • Sequencing of nucleic acids
  • Blotting techniques(Southern, Northern and Western)
  • Polymerase chain reaction

Screening of genomic and complementary DNA libraries

10.00
Unit V: 
UNIT V
  • Hybridoma technology
  • Embryo sexing     
  • Assisted reproductive technologies

Cell culture techniques:-culture media, primary and secondary culture,cell line,transformationtechniques (in brief)Cell proliferation measurements,Cell viability test 

Essential Readings: 

Essential Reading

  • Cell and Molecular Biology, (3rd edition), P Sheeler and D E Bianchi, John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 1987
  • Cell and Molecular Biology: Concepts and Experiments, (4th edition), G  Karp, John Wiley & sons, Inc., 2005.
  • Principles and Techniques  of Biochemistry and  Molecular Biology ,(6th edition), K Wilson and J Walker (editor), Cambridge University Press, 2007

 

References: 

Suggested Reading

  • Introduction to Instrumental analysis; Robert Braun:, Mc –Graw hill,
  • Essentials of Biophysics, P Narayanan, New Age Int. Pub. New Delhi. 2000
  • Fundamental Laboratory Approaches for Biochemistry and Biotechnology, A J Ninfa., D P Ballou,  Fitzgerald science press, Inc., 1998.
  • Principles and Practice of Bioanalysis, R F Venn, Taylor and Francis, 2003
  • Bioinstrumentation, J G Webster,  John Wiley & Sons Inc. 2004    
  • Methods in Modern Biophysics, B Notting, Springer Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York, 2003
  • Protein Purification Principles and Practice, (3rd edition), R K Scopes, Spring International, 2004
  • Spectroscopy for the Biological Sciences, G GHames, John Wiley & Sons Inc. 2005  

 

 

 

 

 

 

Academic Year: 
2019-2020
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