TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES (Theory)

Paper Code: 
24ZOL222
Credits: 
4
Contact Hours: 
60.00
Max. Marks: 
100.00
Objective: 
Course objectives:
This course will enable the students to -
1. To provide students with a basic understanding of diverse techniques from microscopy to spectroscopy, calorimetry, chromatography, electrophoresis, ELISA, tissue culture to cloning etc.
2. The course gives a hands-on approach to expose the students to modern tools, techniques and methodologies.
 
Course Outcomes: 

Course

Learning outcomes (at course level)

Learning and teaching strategies

Assessme nt Strategies

Course Code

Course Title

24ZOL

222

Tools &

Techniques

(Theory)

CO43: Develop an understanding,

working      and      its       correct

application of different types of

microscopy.

CO44:   Appraise   the    detailed

knowledge of various quantitative

and        qualitative       analytical

techniques.

CO45: Develop an understanding

of the principle and applications

of   radioisotopes   in    biological

sciences    and     detection                 and measurement of radiation.

CO46: Intercept the knowledge

about    modern   tools,    blotting

techniques                             and

methodologies,sequencing       of

DNA,PCR, libraries

CO47:        Analyzing        the

technique of cell and tissue

culture and an idea on various

reproductive technologies

CO48: Contribute effectively

in course-specific interaction

Approach in

teaching:

Interactive

Lectures,

Discussion,

PowerPoint

presentations,

Assignments,

Demonstrati

on,     Guest

lectures

Learning activities for the students:

Self-learning

assignments,

Effective

questions,

Simulation,

Seminar

presentation,

Giving tasks,

Field practical

Class test Semester end examinatio ns Quiz Assignmen ts Presentatio n Individual and group

presentations

 

15.00
Unit I: 
UNIT I
Principle and application of:
● Light microscopy
● Phase contrast microscopy
● Polarized microscopy
● Fluorescence microscopy
 
● Transmission electron microscopy
● Scanning electron microscopy
● Confocal scanning microscopy
 
15.00
Unit II: 
Unit II
Principle and application of:
● Light microscopy
● Phase contrast microscopy
● Polarized microscopy
● Fluorescence microscopy
 
● Transmission electron microscopy
● Scanning electron microscopy
● Confocal scanning microscopy
 
10.00
Unit III: 
Unit III

Principle and application of radiation techniques in biology

  • Radioisotopes and half life of isotopes
  • Tracer techniques in biology
  • Autoradiography
  • Geiger Muller counter
  • Scintillation Counter
    • Freeze techniques: Freeze –drying, Freeze substitution, Freeze fracture and freeze itch
    • Flow cytometry/fluorescence activated cell sorter

 

10.00
Unit IV: 
Unit IV

Principles and technique of:

  • Nucleic acid hybridization and cot curves
  • Sequencing of nucleic acids
  • Blotting techniques (Southern, Northern and Western)
  • Polymerase chain reaction
  • Screening of genomic and complementary DNA libraries

 

10.00
Unit V: 
Unit V
  • Hybridoma technology
  • Embryo sexing
  • Assisted reproductive technologies
  • Cell culture techniques: culture media, primary and secondary culture, cell line, transformation techniques (in brief) Cell proliferation measurements, Cell viability test

 

Essential Readings: 
  • Cell and Molecular Biology: Concepts and Experiments, (4th edition), G Karp, John Wiley &sons, Inc., 2005.
  • Principles and Techniques of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology ,(6th edition), K Wilson and J Walker (editor), Cambridge University Press, 2007
  • Introduction to Instrumental analysis; Robert Braun:, Mc –Graw hill,
  • Cell and Molecular Biology, (3rd edition), P Sheeler and D E Bianchi, John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 1987

 

References: 
SUGGESTED READINGS:
● Essentials of Biophysics, P Narayanan, New Age Int. Pub. New Delhi. 2000
● Fundamental Laboratory Approaches for Biochemistry and Biotechnology, A J Ninfa., D P Ballou, Fitzgerald science press, Inc., 1998.
● Principles and Practice of Bioanalysis, R F Venn, Taylor and Francis, 2003
● Bioinstrumentation, J G Webster, John Wiley & Sons Inc. 2004
● Protein Purification Principles and Practice, (3rd edition), R K Scopes, Spring International, 2004
● Spectroscopy for the Biological Sciences, G GHames, John Wiley & Sons Inc. 2005
 
e-RESOURCES:
 
e-PGPathshala:
 
JOURNALS:
● Journal of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology. ISSN (print): 0219-7200 | ISSN (online): 1757-6334.
● BMC Bioinformatics, Publisher: BioMed Central ltd. ISSN: 1471-2105.
 
Academic Year: 
2024-2025
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