Tools and Techniques

Paper Code: 
ZOL 222
Credits: 
4
Contact Hours: 
60.00
Max. Marks: 
100.00
Objective: 

Course objectives:

This course will enable the students to -

  1. To provide students with a basic understanding of diverse techniques from microscopy to spectroscopy, calorimetry, chromatography, electrophoresis, ELISA, tissue culture to cloning etc.
  2. The course gives a hands-on approach to expose the students to modern tools, techniques and methodologies.

 

Course Outcomes (COs):

Course

Learning outcomes

      (at course level)

Learning and teaching strategies

Assessment Strategies

Paper Code

Paper Title

ZOL222

Tools

&

Techniques

 

The students will  –

CO37: Develop an understanding  of different techniques, its  principle of working and its correct application.

CO38: Appraise the detailed knowledge of maintenance of laboratory equipment/ tools, safety hazards and precautions.

CO39:  Analysing the technique of cell and tissue culture and an idea on various reproductive technologies

CO40: Develop an understanding of the principle and applications of radioisotopes in biological sciences and detection and measurement of radiation.

CO41: Intercept the knowledge about modern tools, techniques and methodologies.

CO42: Evaluate practical and theoretical aspects of different instruments.

Approach in teaching:

Interactive Lectures, Discussion, PowerPoint presentations, Assignments, Demonstration, Guest lectures

Learning activities for the students:

Self-learning assignments, Effective questions, Simulation, Seminar presentation, Giving tasks, Field practical

Class test

Semester end examinations

Quiz

Assignments

Presentation

Individual and group presentations

 

15.00
Unit I: 
UNIT I
Principle and application of:
● Light microscopy
● Phase contrast microscopy
● Polarized microscopy
● Fluorescence microscopy
● Transmission electron microscopy
● Scanning electron microscopy
● Confocal scanning microscopy
 
15.00
Unit II: 
UNIT II

Principle and application of:

  • Ultracentrifugation: Differential and density gradient
  • Electrophoresis: Agarose, PAGE, Isoelectro- focussing points and Capillary electrophoresis
  • Chromatography: Paper, TLC, GLC, HPLC,Ion- exchange and Affinity chromatography
  • Lamberts – Beer’s Law and Calorimetry,
  • Spectrophotometer: Fluorescence, UV, NMR, ESR.

 

10.00
Unit III: 
UNIT III
  • Principle and application of radiation techniques in biology
  • Radioisotopes and half life of isotopes
  • Tracer techniques in biology
  • Autoradiography
  • Geiger Muller counter
  • Scintillation Counter
  • Freeze techniques: Freeze –drying, Freeze substitution, Freeze fracture and freeze itch
  • X-ray diffraction
  • Flow cytometry/fluorescence activated cell sorter
10.00
Unit IV: 
UNIT IV
Principles and technique of:
● Nucleic acid hybridization and cot curves
● Sequencing of nucleic acids
● Blotting techniques (Southern, Northern andWestern)
● Polymerase chain reaction
● Screening of genomic and complementary DNA libraries
 
10.00
Unit V: 
UNIT V
  • Hybridoma technology
  • Embryosexing
  • Assisted reproductive technologies
  • Cell culture techniques: culture media, primary and secondary culture, cell line, transformation techniques (in brief) Cell proliferation measurements, Cell viability test

 

Essential Readings: 
  • Cell and Molecular Biology: Concepts and Experiments, (4th edition), G Karp, John Wiley &sons, Inc., 2005.
  • Principles and Techniques of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology ,(6th edition), K Wilson and J Walker (editor), Cambridge University Press, 2007
  • Introduction to Instrumental analysis; Robert Braun:, Mc –Graw hill,
  • Cell and Molecular Biology, (3rd edition), P Sheeler and D E Bianchi, John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 1987

 

References: 
SUGGESTED READINGS:
● Essentials of Biophysics, P Narayanan, New Age Int. Pub. New Delhi. 2000
● Fundamental Laboratory Approaches for Biochemistry and Biotechnology, A J Ninfa., D P Ballou, Fitzgerald science press, Inc., 1998.
● Principles and Practice of Bioanalysis, R F Venn, Taylor and Francis, 2003
● Bioinstrumentation, J G Webster, John Wiley & Sons Inc. 2004
● Protein Purification Principles and Practice, (3rd edition), R K Scopes, Spring International, 2004
● Spectroscopy for the Biological Sciences, G GHames, John Wiley & Sons Inc. 2005
 
e-RESOURCES:
 
 
JOURNALS:
● Journal of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology. ISSN (print): 0219-7200 | ISSN (online): 1757-6334.
● BMC Bioinformatics, Publisher: BioMed Central ltd. ISSN: 1471-2105.
 
Academic Year: 
2022-2023
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