TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES

Paper Code: 
24DZOL811
Credits: 
4
Contact Hours: 
60.00
Max. Marks: 
100.00
Objective: 
Course objectives: 
This course will enable the students to - 
1. To provide students with a basic understanding of diverse techniques from microscopy to spectroscopy, calorimetry, chromatography, electrophoresis, ELISA, tissue culture to cloning etc. 
2. The course gives a hands-on approach to expose the students to modern tools, techniques and methodologies.  
 
Course Outcomes: 

Course

  Learning outcomes

 (at course level)

Learning and 

teaching 

strategies

Assessment  Strategies

Course 

Code

Course Title

24DZOL

811

Tools

&

Techniques

THEORY

 

CO:223 Develop an understanding , working of different  types of microscopy. 

CO:224 Appraise the detailed knowledge of various quantitative and qualitative analytical techniques.

CO:225 Develop an understanding of the 

principle and applications of radioisotopes in biological sciences and detection and measurement of radiation.

CO:226 Acquire  knowledge about modern tools, techniques and methodologies of  DNA sequencing, blotting, PCR and gene libraries

CO:227 Analysing the technique of cell and tissue culture and an idea on various reproductive technologies

CO:228 Contribute effectively in course-specific interaction

Approach in 

teaching:

Interactive 

Lectures, 

Discussion, 

PowerPoint 

presentations, 

Guest lectures

 

Learning 

activities for the  students:

Self-learning

assignments, 

Effective 

questions, 

Simulation, 

Seminar 

presentation, 

 

Class test 

Semester 

end 

examinations Quiz

Assignments  Presentation Individual 

and group 

presentations

 

15.00
Unit I: 
Microscopy
Principle and application of: 
Light microscopy 
Phase contrast microscopy 
Polarized microscopy 
Fluorescence microscopy 
Transmission electron microscopy 
Scanning electron microscopy 
Confocal scanning microscopy 
 
15.00
Unit II: 
Centrifugation, Electrophoresis & Chromatography
Principle and application of: 
Ultracentrifugation: Differential and density gradient 
Electrophoresis: Agarose, PAGE, Iso electro- focussing points and Capillary electrophoresis 
Chromatography: Paper, TLC, GLC, HPLC,Ion- exchange and Affinity chromatography 
Lamberts – Beer’s Law and Colorimetry, 
Spectrophotometer: Fluorescence, UV, NMR, ESR. 
 
10.00
Unit III: 
Radioisotopes and their applications
Principle and application of radiation techniques in biology 
Radioisotopes and half-life of isotopes 
Tracer techniques in biology 
Autoradiography 
Geiger Muller counter 
Scintillation Counter 
Freeze techniques: Freeze –drying, Freeze substitution, Freeze fracture and freeze itch 
Flow cytometry/fluorescence activated cell sorter 
 
10.00
Unit IV: 
Sequencing & PCR
Principles and technique of: Nucleic acid hybridization and cot curves 
Sequencing of nucleic acids 
Blotting techniques (Southern, Northern and Western) 
Polymerase chain reaction 
Screening of genomic and complementary DNA libraries 
 
10.00
Unit V: 
Cell culture techniques
Embryo sexing 
Assisted reproductive technologies 
Cell culture techniques: culture media, primary and secondary culture, cell line transformation techniques (in brief) Cell proliferation measurements, Cell viability test 
 
Essential Readings: 
ESSENTIAL READINGS: 
● Cell and Molecular Biology: Concepts and Experiments, (4th edition), G Karp, John Wiley  &sons, Inc., 2005. 
● Principles and Techniques of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology ,(6th edition), K Wilson  and J Walker (editor), Cambridge University Press, 2007 
● Introduction to Instrumental analysis; Robert Braun:, Mc –Graw hill, 
● Cell and Molecular Biology, (3rd edition), P Sheeler and D E Bianchi, John Wiley & Sons,  Inc, 1987 
 
SUGGESTED READINGS: 
● Essentials of Biophysics, P Narayanan, New Age Int. Pub. New Delhi. 2000 
● Fundamental Laboratory Approaches for Biochemistry and Biotechnology, A J Ninfa., D  P Ballou, Fitzgerald science press, Inc., 1998. 
● Principles and Practice of Bioanalysis, R F Venn, Taylor and Francis, 2003 
● Bioinstrumentation, J G Webster, John Wiley & Sons Inc. 2004 
● Protein Purification Principles and Practice, (3rd edition), R K Scopes, Spring  International, 2004 
● Spectroscopy for the Biological Sciences, G GHames, John Wiley & Sons Inc. 2005 
 
e-RESOURCES: 
 
e-PGPathshala: 
 
JOURNALS: 
● Journal of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology. ISSN (print): 0219-7200 | ISSN  (online): 1757-6334. 
● BMC Bioinformatics, Publisher: BioMed Central ltd. ISSN: 1471-2105.
 
Academic Year: 
2024-2025
  • Printer-friendly version
  • PDF version