STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONS OF INVERTEBRATES

Paper Code: 
24DZOL703
Credits: 
4
Contact Hours: 
60.00
Max. Marks: 
100.00
Objective: 
Course objectives: 
This course will enable the students to – 
1.Give an insight into the structure and mechanism of various life processes found in invertebrates.  
2.With the knowledge of basis of classification and detailed comparative study of the various physiological functions in an invertebrate body belonging to diverse phyla, students must be able to find affinities amongst each group 
3.The study on Minor phyla and the various larval forms will be adding value to their concepts. 
 
Course Outcomes: 

Course

Learning outcomes

(at course level)

Learning and teaching 

strategies

Assessment  Strategies

COURSE CODE

COURSE TITLE

24DZOL703

 

Structure

and Function of

Invertebrates

CO120: Able to explain the basis of classification in 

Invertebrates 

CO121: Judge the structure and physiological functions of Invertebrates

C0122: Understand the evolutionary advancement of digestion, locomotion, respiration, nervous and excretory functions in different invertebrate phylums.

CO123: Illustrate the 

significance of Larval forms of invertebrates and can correlate their characteristic features with their adult forms.

CO124: Correlate the 

characteristics, features and significance of Minor Phyla; as well as their role in the ecosystem

CO125: Contribute effectively in course-specific interaction

Approach in 

teaching:

Discussion, 

Demonstration, Field Trip

Learning 

activities for 

the 

students:

Field activities, 

Simulation, 

Presentation, 

Giving task

Class test 

Semester end examinations, Quiz, 

Assignments, Seminar 

Presentation

Individual 

and group 

projects

 

12.00
Unit I: 
Basis of classification
Basis of classification (brief account)-: 
Symmetry, coelom, segmentation, embryogeny and level of organization 
Locomotion 
Flagellar and ciliary movement in protozoa 
Hydrostatic movement in Coelenterate, Annelida and Echinodermata 
 
12.00
Unit II: 
Nutrition, digestion & respiration
Nutrition and digestion 
Filter feeding in Polychaeta, Mollusca and Echinodermata  
Respiration 
Organs of respiration – gills, lungs and trachea 
Respiratory Pigments 
Mechanism of respiration 
 
12.00
Unit III: 
Excretion & Nervous system
Excretion 
Organs of excretion: coelom, coelomoducts, nephridia and Malpighian Tubules Mechanism of excretion 
Excretion and osmoregulation  
Trends in Neural Evolution 
Primitive nervous system -Coelenterata and Echinodermata 
Advanced nervous system- Annelida, Arthropoda (Crustacean and Insecta) and Mollusca (Cephalopoda) 
 
12.00
Unit IV: 
Invertebrate larvae
Larval forms of free living invertebrates 
Larval forms of parasites 
Significance of larval forms 
 
12.00
Unit V: 
Minor Phyla
Ctenophora, Rhyncocoela, Entoprocta, Rotifera,  Bryozoa, Phoronida: Concept and significance 
Organization and general characters 
 
 
Essential Readings: 
ESSENTIAL READING:
● Invertebrate structure and function. ; Barrington.E.J.W. Thomas Nelson &Sons Ltd.  London 
● The Invertebrates; Hyman.L.H.; McGraw Hill Co NewYork 
● Invertebrate Zoology,III edition.; Barnes.R.D. 
 
SUGGESTED READING:
● The invertebrates. Vol.1. Protozoa through Ctenophora, Hyman, L.H. McGraw Hill Co., NewYork. 
● Invertebrate structure and function. Barrington, E.J.W. Thomas Nelson and  SonsLtd.London. 
● Evolution of Metazoan life cycle, Jagerstain, G. Academic Press, New York & London. 
● The Invertebrates. Vol.8. Hyman, L.H. McGraw Hill Co., New York. and London 
● Invertebrate Zoology Barnes, RD. W.B.Saunders Co.,Philadelphia 
● A Biology of higher invertebrates, Russel-Hunter, WD. McMillan Co.Ltd., London 
● The Invertebrates srnallercolomate groups, Vol.5. Hyman, L.H. McGraw Hill Co., New  York. 
● Animal Parasitism. Cad. C.P.Prentice Hall Inc., NewJersey. 
● Student Text Book of Zoology. Vol.I.II and III. Sedgwick.A. Central Book Depot, Allahabad. 
 
e CONTENT: 
● Student Text Book of Zoology. Vol.I.II and III. Sedgwick.A. Central Book Depot, 
 
Academic Year: 
2024-2025
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