STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF VERTEBRATES

Paper Code: 
25ZOL321
Credits: 
4
Contact Hours: 
60.00
Max. Marks: 
100.00
Objective: 
This course will enable the students to -
1. Correlate general characters of vertebrates, level of organization in different vertebrate classes and their origin and evolutionary relationship.
2. Distinguish the structural and functional aspects of each organ system of the body in different vertebrate groups (Pisces, Amphibia, Reptile, Aves, Mammals).
3. Development of concepts related to general structure and functions of skin, evolution of heart and aortic arches, functions and structures of respiratory, circulatory, skeletal, urinogenital, nervous and sensory systems of different vertebrate groups.
4. Correlate the course of evolution of various life processes in diverse vertebrate groups.
 
Course Outcomes: 

Course

Learning outcomes (at course level)

Learning and teaching strategies

Assessment Strategies

Course Code

Course Title

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Structure & function of Vertebrates

(Theory)

CO73. Evaluate the

Approach in

Class test

 

classification    of                        vertebrate,

teaching:

Semester

 

given     information    on             its

Interactive

end

 

anatomy and or development

Lectures,

examination

 

and    comparative    study         of

Discussion,

s, Quiz

 

vertebrate integument and its

Tutorials,

Assignments

 

derivatives

Reading

,

 

CO74. Compare and contrast

assignments,

Presentation

 

circulatory     and                     respiratory

Demonstratio,

Surprise test

 

system of each of the                                      major

Team    teaching

Open book

25ZOL

vertebrate taxa

Learning

test

321

CO75. Interpret the functions

activities for the

 

 

and components of skeletal

students:

 

 

systems in vertebrates.

Self-learning

 

 

CO76. Discuss the urinogenital

assignments,

 

 

in vertebrates

Effective

 

 

CO77. List the anatomy and

questions,

 

 

functions of brain and various

Simulation,

 

 

sense organs in vertebrates.

Seminar

 

 

CO78. Contribute effectively in

presentation,

 

 

course-specific interaction

Giving tasks,

 

 

 

Field practical

 

 

10.00
Unit I: 
UNIT I
I Outline classification of vertebrates upto orders
II Comparative study (Structural and Functional) of various systems in vertebrate groups (Pisces, 
Amphibia, Reptile, Aves, Mammal)
a) Vertebrate integument and its derivatives Development, general structure and functions of skin & its Derivatives (Glands, scales, feathers and hair)
 
14.00
Unit II: 
UNIT II
b) Circulatory System Evolution of heart Evolution of Aortic arches
c) Respiratory System
Structure of Main Respiratory Organ and Accessory Organs
 
12.00
Unit III: 
UNIT III
d) Skeletal System
Function and Components of Skeletal System (Skull, Vertebral Column, Limbs and Girdles) Types of Jaw Suspensoria
 
12.00
Unit IV: 
UNIT IV:
e) Urinogenital System
Kidney, Testis and Ovary and their ducts
 
12.00
Unit V: 
UNIT V
f) Nervous system
Anatomy of brain in relation to its function
g) Sense organs Simple receptors Lateral line system Electroreception
 
Essential Readings: 
● The life of Vertebrates; Young J.Z.; Oxford University Press.Oxford.
● Colbert’s evolution of the vertebrates; Colbert E.H; John Willey andSons.
● The chordata, Alexander, R.M.Cambridge University Press,London.
● The Biology of Hemichordata and Protochordata. Barrington, E.J.W. Olter andBoyd. Edin hourgh.
● The Structure functions of nervous tissue. Bourne, G.H. Academic Press New York.
● Structure and Habit in vertebrate evolution - carter, G.S.Sedgwick and Jackson. London
● The Understanding of the brain. Eccles, J.C. McGraw Hill Co., New York and London.
● Outlines of comparative anatomy of vertebrates. Kingsley, J.S. Central Book Depot. Allahabad.
 
SUGGESTED READING:
● Comparative anatomy of vertebrates. Kent. C.G. Chordata morphology. Malcom Jollie. East- West Press Pvt.Ltd., New Delhi.
● Analysis of vertebrate structure. Milton Hilder hrand. John Wiley and Sons., Inc, New York
● The Chordates. Monielli. A.R.Cambridge University press. London.
 
References: 
e RESOURCES:
==
 
JOURNALS:
 
 
 
 
Academic Year: 
2025-2026
  • Printer-friendly version
  • PDF version