STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF INVERTEBRATES

Paper Code: 
25ZOL123
Credits: 
4
Contact Hours: 
60.00
Max. Marks: 
100.00
Objective: 
This course will enable the students to –
1. Give an insight into the structure and mechanism of various life processes found in invertebrates.
2. With the knowledge of basis of classification and detailed comparative study of the various physiological functions in an invertebrate body belonging to diverse phyla, students must be able to find affinities amongst each group
3. The study on Minor phyla and the various larval forms will be adding value to their concepts
Course Outcomes: 

Course

Learning outcomes (at course level)

Learning and teaching strategies

Assessment Strategies

Course Code

Course Title

 

 

25ZOL

123

Structure and Function of

Invertebrates (Theory)

CO13: Explain the                                     basis of

classification in

Invertebrates and locomotion in

invertebrates

CO14:Judge the structure  and

physiology of  Digestive  and Respiratory System of Invertebrates

CO15: Understand the evolutionary advancement                                          of nervous and excretory functions

in different invertebrate phylums.

CO16:Illustrate the significance of Larval forms of invertebrates and can correlate their characteristic features with

their adult forms.

CO17:Correlate the

characteristics,    features                           and

significance of Minor Phyla; as

well    as    their    role    in          the

ecosystem

CO18:Contribute effectively in

course-specific interaction

Approach in

teaching:

Discussion,

Project,

interactive

lectures

Learning

activities for

the

students:

Presentation,

Giving task

Class test

Semester end

examina

tions, Quiz,

Assignment,

Seminar

Presentation

Individual

and group

projects

 

12.00
Unit I: 
UNIT I
● Basis of classification (brief account)-:
Symmetry, coelom, segmentation, embryogeny and level of organization
● Locomotion
Flagellar and ciliary movement in protozoaHydrostatic movement in Coelenterate, Annelida and Echinodermata
12.00
Unit II: 
UNIT II
● Nutrition and digestion
Filter feeding in Polychaeta, Mollusca and Echinodermata
● Respiration
Organs of respiration – gills, lungs and trachea Respiratory Pigments
Mechanism of respiration
 
12.00
Unit III: 
UNIT III
● Excretion
Organs of excretion: coelom, coelom ducts, nephridia and Malpighian Tubules Mechanism of excretion Excretion and osmoregulation
● Trends in Neural Evolution
Primitive nervous system -Coelenterata and Echinodermata
Advanced nervous system- Annelida, Arthropoda (Crustacean and Insecta)and Mollusca(Cephalopoda)
 
12.00
Unit IV: 
UNIT IV:
● Invertebrate larvae
Larval forms of free living invertebrates Larval forms of parasites
Significance of larval forms
12.00
Unit V: 
UNIT V
● Minor Phyla (Ctenophora, Rhyncocoela, Entoprocta, Rotifera, Bryozoa, Phoronida) Concept and significance
Organization and general characters
 
Essential Readings: 
● Invertebrate structure and function. ; Barrington.E.J.W. Thomas Nelson &Sons Ltd. London
● The Invertebrates; Hyman.L.H.; McGraw Hill Co NewYork
● Invertebrate Zoology,III edition.;Barnes.R.D.
 
References: 
SUGGESTED READING:
● The invertebrates. Vol.1. Protozoa through Ctenophora, Hyman, L.H. McGraw Hill Co., NewYork.
● Invertebrate structure and function. Barrington, E.J.W. Thomas Nelson and SonsLtd. London.
● Evolution of Metazoan life cycle, Jagerstain, G. Academic Press, New York &London.
● The Invertebrates. Vol.8. Hyman, L.H. McGraw Hill Co., New York. and London
● Invertebrate Zoology Barnes, RD. W.B.Saunders Co.,Philadelphia
● A Biology of higher invertebrates, Russel-Hunter, WD. McMillan Co. Ltd.,London
● The Invertebrates srnallercolomate groups, Vol.5. Hyman, L.H. McGraw Hill Co., New York.
● Animal Parasitism. Cad. C.P.Prentice Hall Inc., NewJersey.
● Student Text Book of Zoology. Vol.I.II and III. Sedgwick.A. Central Book Depot, Allahabad.
 
e RESOURCES:
● Student Text Book of Zoology. Vol.I.II and III. Sedgwick.A. Central Book Depot,
 
JOURNALS:
 
Academic Year: 
2025-2026
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