SPECIAL PAPER: CANCER AND RADIATION BIOLOGY I

Introduction : Cancer as a cellular disease.

• Historical perspective.

·                  Cancer causation.

·                  Cancer treatment.

·                  Death due to cancer.

 Occurrence of cancer.

·                  Present day status of cancer in India.

·         Status of cancer occurrence in different parts of the world.

·                  Cancer of different sex.

·         Cancer of different age groups.

Tumor classification.

·                  Benign and malignant tumors.

·                  Sarcoma, carcinoma.

·                  Leukemia and lymphoma.

·         Ascites tumors.

·         Teratocarcinoma.

Staging and grading of cancer.

• In vitro cell transformation.
• Apoptosis

Cancer cell :

• Structural and ultrastructural profiles.
• Biochemical properties.
• Behavior properties.

Genetic basis of cancer :

·                  Basic concepts of cancer genetics.

·         Relationship between cancer incidence and age.

·                  Cellular and genetic basis of cancer.

·         Types of genetic risk factor for cancer.

·                  Chromosomal abnormalities in tumor.

·         Heritable cancer and tumor suppressor.

Oncogene

·                  Introduction.

·                  Detection of oncogenes in human cancer cells,.

·                  Activation of oncogenes.

Antioncogenes

Cancer cell growth patterns and cell kinetics :

·                  Tumor growth.

·                  Cell cycle.

·                  Cell proliferation in tumor tissue.

·                  Experimental tumor.

·                  Human tumors.

·                  Cell proliferation, prognosis and therapies.

·         Cell proliferation, prognosis and therapies.

Metastasis

• Introduction.
• Metastatic process.
• Metastatic ability of tumor cell population.
• Properties of metastatic cell.

Genetic basis of metastasis.

Introduction to radiation

• Types –ionizing and non-ionizing
• Sources- Natural andManmade
• Radiation dosimetry

Radiation chemistry

• Hydrogen peroxide formation.
• Reactions in aqueous organic solutions.
• Direct and indirect effects.
• Oxygen effect.

Cellular radiobiology.

• Survival curves.
• Radiosensitivity of cell cycle phases.
• Factors    influencing    radio    sensitivity    (oxygen    effect    chemical modifiers).

Cytogenetic effects of radiation.

• Chromosomal aberrations.
• Micronuclei induction.
• Radiation mutations.