Research Methodology and Special Skills

Paper Code: 
LSC 141
Credits: 
04
Contact Hours: 
60.00
Max. Marks: 
100.00
12.00
Unit I: 
Basics of Research
  • Research: Meaning, Methodology, research processes (basic steps), criteria of good research.
  • Types of research: Fundamental or basic, applied, Historical, descriptive, analytical, qualitative, quantitative, experimental, conceptual, case study.
  • Research design: Meaning, concepts, needs, and designs for different types of research.
  • Research problem and developing research proposal: Selection of research area and topic, statement of the research problem, scope, and steps involved in defining the problem.
  • Literature search: reviewing related literature, referencing, abstracting, computer search, bibliography.
12.00
Unit II: 
Basics of Statistics
  • Variables: independent and dependent variables, qualitative and quantitative variables, discrete and continuous variables,
  • and methods of controlling variables. Measurement of variables.
  • Sampling: Meaning, characteristics of good sample design,steps in sample design, types and advantages.
  • Techniques of data collection:
  • Primary data: Questionnaire, schedules, interview and observation;Secondary data
12.00
Unit III: 
Statistical Analysis
  • Measure of Central Tendency- Mean, Median, Mode & their properties, merits and demerits.
  •  Measure of Dispersion- Range, Quartile Deviation, Mean Deviation and  Standard Deviation
  • Small sample test- Student’s t-test and Chi-square test
  • Analysis of Variance- Concept of ANOVA, its assumptions,Basic idea of one-way and two-way classification
12.00
Unit IV: 
Correlation and Regression
  • Correlation Analysis- Definition and concept, Significance and types correlation, properties of correlation coefficient
  • Measures of studying correlation
  •       Karl Pearson’s coefficient of correlation, its assumptions, properties,merits and demerits
  •      Spearman’s Rank correlation coefficient •
  • Regression Analysis-Concept, uses, Regression Coefficients,Regression Equations, Fitting of Regression lines
  •      Linear and multiple regression
12.00
Unit V: 
Instrumentation
  • Principle and working of the following equipment:
  • Spectrophotometry:
  •      UV-Visible Spectrophotometer
  •     InfraRed (IR) Spectrophotometer
  •     Fluorescence Spectrophotometer
  •     Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS)
  •     Mass Spectrometry
  •     Flame Photometer
  • Microscopy:
  •    Scanning Electron Microscope(SEM)
  •    Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM)
  •    Chromatography:
  •    Ion exchange chromatography
  •    High Performance Liquid Chromatography
  •    Gas Chromatography
Essential Readings: 

Books Recommended:

  • Plant Biotechnology, Hammond, P. McGarvey and V. Yusibov (Editors.) Springer Verlag, 2000.
  • Plant Cell and Tissue Culture for the Production of Food ingredients. J. Fu, G. Singh, and W.R. Curtis (Editors), Kluwer Academic/Plenum Press.1999.
  • Advanced Methods in Plant Biotechnology, David. R. Murray: Panima Publishing Corporation. 1996
  • Plant Tissue Culture – Techniques & Experiments, (2nd edition) Roberta. H. Smith.  Elsevier. 2000
  • Plant Molecular Biology – A Practical Approach. C. H. Shaw, IRL Press Ltd.
  • Molecular plant Biology- volume 1 & 2. Philip M. Gilmartin and Chris Bowler,  Oxford University Press. 2005
  • Plant Tissue Culture. S.S. Bhojwani and M.K Razdan,  Elsevier. 2004
  • Biotechnology in Crop improvement, H.S. Chawla, International Book Distributing Company, 1998.

 

Academic Year: 
2025-2026
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