PRACTICAL

Paper Code: 
25ZOL125
Credits: 
9
Contact Hours: 
270.00
Max. Marks: 
100.00
Objective: 
This course will enable the students to –
1. Design and conduct experiments, using a broad variety of experimental techniques, and interpret the data obtained to draw conclusions about whether the results do or do not support a hypothesis being tested and whether the experimental design was appropriate.
2. Work collaboratively with other students and with faculty, understanding that most scientific knowledge/conclusions draw(s) on multiple sources of data and multiple experimental approaches.
3. Learn “best approaches” for conducting experiments including laboratory safety, data eplication and quality control, record keeping, and other aspects of “responsible conduct of research”.
 
Course Outcomes: 

Course

Learning outcomes (at course level)

Learning and teaching strategies

Assessme nt Strategies

Course Code

Course Title

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

25ZOL

125

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Practical

CO25: Illustrate different

laboratory specimens    based on                                    their

external features and                                    appearance and

their categorical    relation with various

phylum.

CO26:Enhance their knowledge about

different mitotic stages by preparing

temporary slides of the onion root tip

and visualizing the stages of mitosis and

meiosis  by  their  key  features  and

demonstrate    bar    body    in                      buccal

epithelial cells.

CO27: Perform various

qualitative and quantitative

biochemical techniques to

differentiate biomolecules based on their physical and chemical properties and

analyze the effect of temperature on the

enzymatic activity of salivary amylase

and liver catalase.

CO28: Assess taxonomic biodiversity in  various  habitats  and  estimate  gene frequency in populations using HardyWeinberg law and differentiate between various phytoplanktons and zooplanktons.

CO29:Demonstrate skills and record the concepts  in the form  of practical file  and

reflect  on  personal learning experiences and experimental outcomes during viva voce.

CO30: Contribute effectively in course-

Approach in

teaching:

Interactive

Lectures,

Discussion,

Tutorials,

Demonstration

, Team

teaching

Learning

activities for

the students:

Self-learning

assignments,

Effective

questions, Simulation,

Giving tasks,

Field practical

Class test,

Semester end

examinations,

Viva voce

,Assignments

,

Presentation

specific interaction.

 

Unit I: 
Invertebrates
Identification, classification & study of distinguishing features of representatives from various groups.
● Phylum Protozoa- Polystomella, Formanifera, Opalina, Paramecium (Fission & conjugation) Vorticella, Euglena,Trypanosoma,Monocystis,Plasmodium.
● Phylum Porifera-Sycon L.S & T.S, Spicules, Spongin fibres, Leucosolenia, Euplectella
● Phylum Cnidaria- Obelia,(Polyp & Medusa), Millepora, Physalia,Pennatula, Metridium, Madrepora, Alcyonium, Gorgonia, Aurelia.
● Phylum Helminthes- Ascaris, Taenia,Planaria
● Phylum Annelida- Pontobdella, Aphrodite, Leech, Polygordius,Chaetopterus, Nereis, Heteronereis,Arenicola.
● Phylum Arthropoda- Cyclops, Peripatus, Balanus, Lepas, Hippa, Belostoma, Limulus, Eupagurus, Julus, Scolopendra, Prayingmantis.
● Phylum Mollusca- Murex, Bulla, Cardium, Arca, Turritella, Pinctada,Cypraea, Octopus,Nautilus.
● Phylum Echinodermata- Echinus, Holothuria, Antedon, Asterias
● Minor Phyla- Bugula, Plumatella, Crestatella, Pectinella,Phoronis,Dendrostoma
● Larval Stages: Planula, Redia, Miracidium, Sporocyst,Cercaria,Metacercaria, Trochophore, Nauplius, Zoea, Mysis, Phyllosoma, Trilobite larva ofLimulus, Glochidium, Bipinnaria, Echinopluteus, Auricularia, Tornaria
DISSECTIONS:
● Cockroach: General anatomy, Reproductive system, Mouthparts: Cockroach
 
Unit II: 
Biosystematics, taxonomy and evolution
● Composition and assessment of the taxonomic diversity/biodiversity in a habitat (e.g. grassland, arid land, wet land etc.)
● Estimation of gene and genotypic frequencies in light of Hardy-Weinberg law based on facial traits/thumb prints, ABO blood group data etc.
● Project: Preparation of models showing the status of certain taxa or species in a particular habitat.
● Identification of Phytoplanktons and Zooplanktons from fresh water samples.
 
Unit III: 
Cell Biology
● Preparation of different cell types: Liver Hepatocytes , Adipocytes, Spleen cells
● Study of Polytene chromosomes in salivary glands of Chironomus larva/Drosophila
● Light microscopic examination and preparation of tissue sections.
● Study of mitotic and meiotic chromosomes from permanent prepared slides.
● Preparation of slides for mitotic study.
● Barr body preparation in buccal epithelial cells.
 
Unit IV: 
Biochemistry
● Qualitative analysis of Lipid, protein and Carbohydrate samples
● Colorimetric/Spectrophotometric estimation of:
● Carbohydrate- glycogen,
● Cholesterol
● Protein
● Nucleic acids: DNA, RNA
● Study of temperature effect on enzyme action: salivary amylase, liver catalase

Exercise 1

Exercise II

File

Viva

Attendance

Total

5

5

10

5

5

30

Scheme for CA End Practical Examination

Exercise I

Exercise II

Exercise III

Exercise IV

Spotting

File

Viva

Total

8

8

8

8

6x3=18

10

10

70

Scheme for M.Sc Semester End Practical Examination

Essential Readings: 
● Practical Zoology, vertebrates, Lal, S.S. Rastogi Publications, Meerut
● Practical Zoology, vertebrates,Kohli,K.S.,Ansari, A.S. Ramesh Book Depot, Jaipur.
● Introductory practical Biochemistry, Sawhney S.K., Singh R. 2009. 7th edition, Narosa publishing house Pvt. Ltd.
● Wilson,K. and Walker, J. Principles and techniques of practical biochemistry, Cambridge press.
● Jordon, E.L., Verma P.S. Invertebrate Zoology, S Chand and Co.
● Laboratory manual in Invertebrate & Experimental Zoology, Jacob Vyas Ramesh Book Depot, New Delhi.
References: 
SUGGESTED READINGS:
● Zubay G. Biochemistry, William C. Brown Pub.
● Standard methods of biochemical analysis. Thimmaiah, S.R. Kalyani Publishers, Noida
 
e-RESOURCES:
● Experimental Biochemistry- NPTEL- https://nptel.ac.in/courses/104105102
● Biotechnology and Biomedical Engineering- NPTEL labs- https://www.vlab.co.in/ba nptel-labs- biotechnology-and-biomedical-engineering
 
 
Academic Year: 
2025-2026
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