PHYSIOLOGY: CONTROLLING AND COORDINATING SYSTEM

Paper Code: 
25CZOL313
Credits: 
4
Contact Hours: 
60.00
Max. Marks: 
100.00
Objective: 
This course will enable the students to –
1. Understand tissue structure, bone/cartilage types, and ossification.
2. Explore neuron structure, synaptic transmission, and sensory physiology.
3. Investigate muscle histology, contraction mechanisms, and motor unit function.
 
Course Outcomes: 

Course

Learning outcomes (at course level)

Learning and teaching strategies

Assessmen t Strategies

Course Code

Course Title

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

25CZOL313

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Physiology: Controlling

And Coordinating

System THEORY

CO:61 Develop understanding of tissue structure, classification, and bone/cartilage types, including ossification processes.

CO:62 Explore neuron structure, action potential generation, synaptic transmission, reflex actions, and sensory physiology.

CO:63 Investigate muscle histology,types,                                        contraction mechanisms, and motor unit function.

CO:64 Examine reproductive system histology, puberty, and contraception methods.

CO:65 Study endocrine gland histology, hormone secretion, regulation.

CO:66 Contribute effectively in course-specific interaction

The approach in teaching: Interactive Lectures, Discussion, Tutorials, Reading assignments, Demonst ration,

Team teaching

 

Learning activities for the students: Self-learning assignments, Effective questions, Simulation, Seminar presentation, Giving tasks, Chart preparation

Assessment Strategies Class    test, Semester end examination s,         Quiz, Solving problems in tutorials, Assignments

,

Presentation

.

 

12.00
Unit I: 
Tissues, Bone and Cartilage
Structure, location, classification and functions of - epithelial tissue,
connective tissue, muscular tissue 
nervous tissue
Structure and types of bones and cartilages, Ossification, bone growth and resorption
 
12.00
Unit II: 
Nervous System and Sense Organs
Structure of neuron,
Resting membrane potential, Origin of action potential and its propagation across the myelinated and unmyelinated nerve fibres;
Types of synapses, Synaptic transmission and, Neuromuscular junction; Reflex action and its types - reflex arc;
Physiology of hearing and vision.
 
12.00
Unit III: 
Muscle
Histology of different types of muscle; Ultrastructure of skeletal muscle;
Molecular and chemical basis of muscle contraction; Characteristics of muscle twitch
Motor unit, summation and tetanus
 
12.00
Unit IV: 
Reproductive System
Histology of testis and ovary;
Physiology of male and female reproduction;
Puberty, Methods of contraception in male and female Placental hormones
 
12.00
Unit V: 
Endocrine System
Histology of endocrine glands - pineal, pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, pancreas, adrenal Hormones secreted by them and their mechanism of action;
Classification of hormones
Hypothalamus (neuroendocrine gland) - principal nuclei involved in neuroendocrine control of anterior pituitary and endocrine system;
 
Essential Readings: 
● Sembulingam, K.Sembulingam. Essentials of medical Physiology, Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers, New Delhi.
● TextBook of Medical Physiology; Chatterjee, M.N and Shinde, R.; Jaypee brothers. ( 2007)
● TextBook of Medical Physiology; Guyton, A.C; International student edition. W.B. Saunders, 12th edition.
● Medical Physiology Indu Khurana & Arushi Khurana. Publisher: New Delhi : Reed Elsevier India, 2006.
 
SUGGESTED READINGS:
● General and Comparative Animal Physiology, Hoar, W.S.Prentice Hall of Indian
● Animal Physiology: adaptation and Environment,KnutSch mdt Nielsen. Cambridge Press, UK.
● Ganong. Review of medical physiology. 21 st edition, Lang medical Publications.
● An Introduction to Animal Physiology, Ian Kay, Bios scientific Pub., Oxford, UK.
 
References: 
e-RESOURCES:
● e-PGpathshala- inflibnet center-
● AnimalPhysiology-NPTEL-
● Physiology- swayam prabha-https://dth.ac.in/medical/course.php
● Anatomy- Swayam Prabha- https://dth.ac.in/medical/course.php
 
e-JOURNALS:
● American Journal of Physiology-
● Journal of Applied Physiology
● Frontiers in Physiology 
 
Academic Year: 
2025-2026
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