PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY (Theory)

Paper Code: 
25CZOL301
Credits: 
4
Contact Hours: 
4.00
Max. Marks: 
100.00
Objective: 

Course objectives: 

This course will enable the students to -

1.  Differentiate between the structures and functions of biomolecules and their role in homeostasis.

2.  Develop deep learning about human anatomy and physiology and correlate between functions of various systems.

Course Outcomes: 

Course

Learning outcomes (at course level)

Learning and teaching strategies

Assessment Strategies

Course Code

Course Title

25CZOL301

PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY

(Theory)

CO 25: Explain the

Structural                   elements,

classification, properties

and      importance           of

carbohydrates                            and

proteins.

CO  26:    Examine  the

structure                            and

significance of lipids and

Enzymes in daily life.

CO    27:    Relate         the

structure and physiology of nerves and muscles.

CO 28: Summarize the

digestive and excretory

physiology of animals.

CO 29: Relate the role

and       functions             of

respiratory                            and

cardiovascular                      systems

in human physiology.

CO30:Contribute

effectively     in                   course-

specific interaction

The approach

in teaching:

Interactive

Lectures,

Discussion,

Tutorials,

Reading

assignments,

Demonstration,

Team teaching

Learning

activities for the students:

Self-learning

assignments,

Effective

questions,

Simulation,

Seminar

presentation,

Giving               tasks,

Chart

preparation

Assessment

Strategies

Class test,

Semester end

examinations,

Quiz, Solving

problems in

tutorials,

Assignments,

Presentation.

 

12.00
Unit I: 
Structure and Biological importance of Carbohydrate and Proteins

Carbohydrate

Structure     and     Biological    importance:     Monosaccharides, Disaccharides,                 Polysaccharides      and Glycoconjugates

Properties: stereoisomerism, epimers, anomers, reducing and non reducing sugars

Proteins

Amino acids: Structure, Classification and General properties of α-amino acids;

Physiological importance of essential and non-essential α-amino acids Proteins: Bonds stabilizing protein structure

12.00
Unit II: 
Structure and Biological importance of Lipid and Enzymes

Lipids

Structure and Significance: Physiologically important saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, Triacylglycerols, Phospholipids, Glycolipids, Steroids

Enzymes

Introduction,classification, Mechanism of action, Enzyme Kinetics (Michalis-menton equation)

12.00
Unit III: 
Nerve and Muscle

Structure of a neuron, Resting membrane potential, Graded potential, Origin of Action potential and its propagation in myelinated and non-myelinated nerve fibres, Ultrastructure of skeletal muscle, Molecular and chemical basis of muscle contraction

12.00
Unit IV: 
Digestion and Excretion

Digestion

Physiology of digestion in the alimentary canal; Absorption of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids

Excretion

Structure of kidney and nephron, Mechanism of Urine formation, Counter-current Mechanism

12.00
Unit V: 
Respiratory and Cardiovascular system

Respiration

Pulmonary ventilation, Respiratory volumes and capacities, Transport of Oxygen and carbon dioxide in blood

Cardiovascular system

Composition of blood, Hemostasis, Structure of Heart, Origin and conduction of the cardiac impulse, Cardiac cycle

Essential Readings: 

ESSENTIAL READINGS:

●     U. Satyanarayana . Biochemistry IV Edition, Elsevier (2013)

●     Jain,J.L. Fundamentals of Biochemistry ,S.Chand publishers New Delhi. ∙ Medical Physiology; Chatterjee,

M.N and Shinde, R.; Jaypee brothers. (2007) ∙ Berg, J. M., Tymoczko, J. L. and Stryer, L. (2006). Biochemistry. VI Edition. W.H Freeman and Co.

●     Lehninger, A.D. Principles of Biochemistry, CBS Publishers and Distributors, Shahdara, Delhi.

●     Nelson, D. L., Cox, M. M. and Lehninger, A.L. (2009). Principles of Biochemistry. IV Edition. W .H. Freeman and Co

●     Sembulingam, K.Sembulingam. Essentials of medical Physiology, Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers, New Delhi.

●     TextBook of Medical Physiology; Chatterjee, M.N and Shinde, R.; Jaypee brothers. ( 2007)

●     TextBook of Medical Physiology; Guyton, A.C; International student edition. W.B. Saunders, 12th edition.

●     Medical Physiology Indu Khurana & Arushi Khurana. Publisher: New Delhi : Reed Elsevier India, 2006.

References: 

SUGGESTED READINGS:

●     Harvey, Richard A., Ph. D. (2011). Lippincott's illustrated reviews: Biochemistry. ∙ Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health

●     Tortora, G.J. and Derrickson, B.H. (2009). Principles of Anatomy and Physiology, XII ∙ Edition, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

●     Principles of Biochemistry; Smith et.al; McGraw Hill, New York.

●     Textbook of Medical Biochemistry; Ramakrishnan, S. Prasanan, K.G and Rajan, R; Orient Longman, Madras

●     Conn, E.E. and Stuff, P.K. Outlines of Biochemistry,John Wiley New York. ∙ Donald Voet and Judith G. Voet Biochemistry, John Wiley and Sons., New York. ∙ H.S. Srivastava, Element of Biochemistry, Rastogi Publications Meerut. ∙ General and Comparative Animal Physiology, Hoar, W.S.Prentice Hall of Indian.

●Animal Physiology: adaptation and Environment,Knut Schmidt Nielsen. Cambridge Press, UK.

●     Ganong. Review of medical physiology. 21 st edition, Lang medical Publications. ∙ An Introduction to Animal Physiology, Ian Kay, Bios scientific Pub., Oxford, UK.

e-CONTENT:

●     Kaplan lecture video series on Biochemistry by Dr. Turco-https://afratafreeh.com/sam- ∙ turco/

●     e-PGpathshala- inflibnet center-

●     https://epgp.inflibnet.ac.in/Home/ViewSubject?ca tid=2rAs1Puvga4LW93zMe83aA ==                                                                                                                                                ∙ AnimalPhysiology-NPTEL-

●     https://epgp.inflibnet.ac.in/Home/ViewSubject?ca tid=2rAs1Puvga4LW93zMe83aA == ∙ Physiology - swayam prabha-https://dth.ac.in/medical/course.php

●     Anatomy- Swayam Prabha- https://dth.ac.in/medical/course.php

●     e-PGPATHSHALA-INFLIBNET CENTRE-

●     https://epgp.inflibnet.ac.in/Home/ViewSubject?ca tid=MNhNzp1RQlU+6LM40KjY1Q== ∙ Biochemistr y NPTEL https://onlinecourses.nptel.ac.in/noc22_cy06/preview ∙ Biochemistry- Swayam Prabha- https://dth.ac.in/medical/course.php

e-Journal:

●     Journal of Biochemistry- ISSN 1756-2651

●     Biochemistry- ACS Publication- ISSN 1520-4995

●     Journal of Cellular Biochemistry- Wiley online Library- Online ISSN: 1097-4644 ∙ American Journal of Physiology-

●     Journal of Applied Physiology

●     Frontiers in Physiology

Academic Year: 
2025-2026
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