PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY

Paper Code: 
24CZOL301
Credits: 
4
Contact Hours: 
60.00
Max. Marks: 
100.00
Objective: 
Course objectives:
 
This course will enable the students to -
 
1. Differentiate between the structures and functions of biomolecules and their role in homeostasis.
 
2. Develop deep learning about human anatomy and physiology and correlate between functions of various systems.
 

 

Course Outcomes: 

Course

Learning outcomes (at course level)

Learning and teaching 

strategies

Assessment

Strategies

 Course 

Code

Course Title

24CZOL301

PHYSIOLOGY

& BIOCHEMISTRY (Theory)

CO 25: Explain the 

Structural elements, classification, properties and importance of carbohydrates and proteins.

CO 26: Examine the structure and significance of lipids and   

Enzymes in daily life.

CO 27: Relate the structure and physiology of nerves and muscles.

CO 28: Summarize the digestive and excretory physiology of animals.

CO 29: Relate the role and functions of respiratory and cardiovascular systems in human physiology.

CO30:Contribute effectively in course-specific interaction

The approach in teaching:

Interactive 

Lectures, 

Discussion, 

Tutorials, 

Reading 

assignments, Demonstration, Team teaching Learning 

activities for 

the students: Self-learning assignments, Effective 

questions, 

Simulation, 

Seminar 

presentation, Giving tasks, Chart

preparation

Assessment 

Strategies

Class test, 

Semester end 

examinations, 

Quiz, Solving 

problems in 

tutorials, 

Assignments, 

Presentation.

 

12.00
Unit I: 
Structure and Biological importance of Carbohydrate and Proteins
Carbohydrate  
Structure and Biological importance: Monosaccharides,Disaccharides, Polysaccharides and Glycoconjugates 
Properties: stereoisomerism, epimers, anomers, reducing and non reducing sugars
Proteins 
Amino acids: Structure, Classification and General properties of α-amino acids; 
Physiological importance of essential and non-essential α-amino acids Proteins: Bonds stabilizing protein structure
12.00
Unit II: 
Structure and Biological importance of Lipid and Enzymes
Lipids : Structure and Significance: 
Physiologically important saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, 
Triacylglycerols, Phospholipids, Glycolipids, Steroids 
Enzymes: Introduction,classification, Mechanism of action, Enzyme Kinetics (Michalis-menton equation)
 
12.00
Unit III: 
Nerve and muscle
Structure of a neuron, Resting membrane potential, Graded potential, Origin of Action potential and its propagation in myelinated and non-myelinated nerve fibres,  
Ultrastructure of skeletal muscle, Molecular and chemical basis of muscle contraction 
 
12.00
Unit IV: 
Digestion and Excretion
Digestion:  Physiology of digestion in the alimentary canal; Absorption of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids
Excretion: Structure of kidney and nephron, Mechanism of Urine formation, Counter-current Mechanism 
 
12.00
Unit V: 
Respiratory and Cardiovascular system
Respiration: Pulmonary ventilation, Respiratory volumes and capacities, Transport of Oxygen and carbon dioxide in blood 
Cardiovascular system: Composition of blood, Hemostasis, Structure of Heart, Origin and conduction of the cardiac impulse, Cardiac cycle 
 
Essential Readings: 
ESSENTIAL READINGS: 
● U. Satyanarayana . Biochemistry IV Edition, Elsevier (2013) 
● Jain,J.L. Fundamentals of Biochemistry ,S.Chand publishers New Delhi. ∙ Medical Physiology; Chatterjee, M.N and Shinde, R.; Jaypee brothers.(2007) ∙ Berg, J. M., Tymoczko, J. L. and Stryer, L. (2006). Biochemistry. VI Edition. W.H Freeman and Co. 
● Lehninger, A.D. Principles of Biochemistry, CBS Publishers and Distributors, Shahdara, Delhi. 
● Nelson, D. L., Cox, M. M. and Lehninger, A.L. (2009). Principles of Biochemistry. IV Edition. W.H. Freeman and Co 
● Sembulingam, K.Sembulingam. Essentials of medical Physiology, Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers, New Delhi.
● TextBook of Medical Physiology; Chatterjee, M.N and Shinde, R.; Jaypee brothers.(  2007) 
● TextBook of Medical Physiology; Guyton, A.C; International student edition. W.B. Saunders, 12th edition. 
● Medical Physiology Indu Khurana & Arushi Khurana. Publisher: New Delhi : Reed Elsevier India, 2006. 
 
SUGGESTED READINGS: 
● Harvey, Richard A., Ph. D. (2011). Lippincott's illustrated reviews: Biochemistry. ∙ Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health 
● Tortora, G.J. and Derrickson, B.H. (2009). Principles of Anatomy and Physiology, XII ∙ Edition, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 
● Principles of Biochemistry; Smith et.al; McGraw Hill, New York. 
● Textbook of Medical Biochemistry; Ramakrishnan, S. Prasanan, K.G and Rajan, R; Orient Longman, Madras 
● Conn, E.E. and Stuff, P.K. Outlines of Biochemistry,John Wiley New York. ∙ Donald Voet and Judith G. Voet Biochemistry, John Wiley and Sons., New York. ∙ H.S. Srivastava, Element of Biochemistry, Rastogi Publications Meerut. ∙ General and Comparative Animal Physiology, Hoar, W.S.Prentice Hall of Indian. ∙ Animal Physiology: adaptation and Environment,Knut Schmidt Nielsen. Cambridge Press, UK. 
● Ganong. Review of medical physiology. 21 st edition, Lang medical Publications. ∙ An Introduction to Animal Physiology, Ian Kay, Bios scientific Pub., Oxford, UK. 
 
 
 
 
Academic Year: 
2024-2025
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