MICROBIOLOGY

Brief introduction to the history of Microbiology

• Work of Anton Van Leeuwenhoek
• Work of Louis Pasteur, John Tyndall, Robert Koch & Jenner

Prokaryota(Bacteria)

• Size, shape & pattern of arrangement

Structural Organization—Slime layer(Capsule) Cell envelope, Cytoplasmic membrane(Inner membrane), Cell wall(Outer membrane) of gram-ve & gram +ve bacteria, Mesosomes; Cytoplasmic organization, Cell projections- Flagella & pili

Genetic material of bacteria: Chromosomes, Plasmids, Replication of bacterial DNA

Reproduction in Bacteria: Asexual reproduction: Binary fission, budding, Endospore formation& cyst formation Sexual reproduction: Conjugation

Transduction & Bacterial recombination

Microbial nutrition culture of Bacteria

• Carbon & energy source
• Nitrogen & minerals
• Organic growth factors
• Microbial growth
• Environmental factors: Temperature, Hydrogen ion concentration

Virus

Bacteria of medical importance:

Gram +ve:

• Cocci : Staphylococci, Streptococci
• Bacilli: Diptheria, Tetanus

Gram –ve:

• Cocci: Gonnorrhea, Meningitis
• Bacilli: Diarrhoea

Mycobacteria: Tuberclosis

Hepatitis (with emphasis on B type)

• The causative agents, Transmission, Pathogenicity, Laboratory diagnosis, Treatment & Prevention

cynobacteria(Structural organization and significance),

virus  classification,Lytic & Lysogenic cycles

 yeast- industrial application