GENERAL PHYSIOLOGY

Paper Code: 
ZOL221
Credits: 
4
Contact Hours: 
60.00
Max. Marks: 
100.00
Objective: 

Course objectives:

This course will enable the students to -

  1. This course will emphasize on the normal physiology of each organ system of the body to students; this includes knowledge of the structure and function of the major organ systems, including the molecular, biochemical and cellular mechanisms for maintaining homeostasis.
  2. To understand the role of various enzymes and other factors involved in the physiology of digestion, respiration, muscles, nervous system, circulatory system and their associated disorders

Course Outcomes (COs):

Course

Learning outcomes

                       (at course level)

Learning and teaching strategies

Assessment Strategies

Paper Code

Paper Title

ZOL 221

General Physiology

CO23: Understand the process of digestion and absorption of major constituents of food and mechanism of walk along the theory of muscle contraction.

CO24: Learn about the structure of heart, cardiac cycle, conduction of impulse and blood coagulation.

CO25: Acquire the knowledge about mechanism and nervous and chemical regulation of breathing, role of haemoglobin and transport of gases based on partial pressure.

CO26: Understand the process of excretion and role of kidneys and components of the nervous system and conduction of nerve impulses.

CO27: Intercept the knowledge about different endocrine glands, their hormones, functions and mechanism of hormone action.

 

Approach in teaching:

Interactive Lectures, Discussion, Tutorials, Reading assignments, Demonstration, Team teaching

 

Learning activities for the students:

Self learningassignments, Effective questions, Simulation, Seminar presentation, Giving tasks, Field practical

Class test

Semester end examinations

Quiz

Assignments

Presentation

Individual and group projects

 

13.00
Unit I: 
UNIT I

Digestion

  •     Digestive enzymes and digestion of carbohydrates, proteins and lipids
  •     Intestinal absorption and  assimilation

Physiology of movement

  •     Ultrastructure of skeletal, smooth and cardiac muscle
  •     Muscle contraction
  •     Physical properties of muscle
14.00
Unit II: 
UNIT II

Respiration

  •     Gases in external environment
  •      Respiratory organs and their ventilation.
  •     Respiratory pigments, Role of haemoglobin.
  •     BMR
  •     Transport of respiratory gases
  •     Concept of partial pressure
  •     Nervous and chemical control of respiration

Circulation

  •     Structure of heart
  •     Cardiac muscle properties
  •     Origin, conduction and regulation of heart beat
  •    Cardiac cycle
  •     Blood  coagulation
11.00
Unit III: 
UNIT III

Osmotic and ionic regulation

    Maintenance of water and electrolyte balance in aquatic and terrestrial vertebrates.

Excretion

  •     Functional architecture of mammalian kidney & Nephron.
  •     Formation of urine
  •     Counter current mechanism
  •     Hormonal regulation of water and electrolyte balance
  •     Renal regulation of acid base balance
8.00
Unit IV: 
UNIT IV

Information processing in sensory and nervous system

  •     Nervous System- Structural elements
  •     Membrane potential, Nerve impulse propagation
  •     Synapse and Synaptic Transmission and Neurotransmitters
  •     Reflex activity and reflex arc
14.00
Unit V: 
UNIT V

Chemical correlation and Neuroendocrine control

Endocrine glands (Structure, Function, Synthesis and Disorders)

  •         Pituitary
  •         Thyroid
  •         Thymus
  •         Adrenal
  •         Pancreas
  •         Parathyroid
  •         Gonads

    Hormonal control of male and female reproduction ; implantation, parturition and lactation in mammals.

    Mechanism of Hormone action

Essential Readings: 

Essential readings

    TextBook of Medical Physiology; Guyton A.C.;

    Animal Physiology Mechanisms and Adaptation. Eckert, R.W.H. Freeman and Company, New York

    TextBook of Medical Physiology: InduKhurana.

    Essentials of Medical Physiology; K Sembulingam and Prema Sembulingam (6th edition)  2012.  Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd

Suggested readings

    TextBook of Medical Physiology; Chatterjee, M.N and Shinde, R.; Jaypee brothers.

    A Textbook of Animal Physiology; Berry,A.K.; Emkay Publisher, Delhi.

    Biochemical Adaptation. I-fochachka,P.W. and Somero, G.N. Princeton, New Jersey.

    General and Comparative Animal Physiology, Hoar, W.S.Prentice Hall of Indian.

    Animal Physiology: Adaptation and Environment, SchiemdtNeilsen. Cambridge

    A regulatory Systems Approach. Strand, F.L.Physiology: Macmillan Publishing Co., New York.

    Environmental and Metabolic Animal Physiology, Prosser, C.L.Wiley-Liss Inc., New York.

    Environmental Physiology, Willmer,P.G.Stone, and I.Johnson. Blackwell Sci. Oxford, UK.

    Optima for Animals. Alexander, R.M.N. Princeton Univ. Press. Princeton, NJ

        Animals and Temperature: Phenotypic and Evolutionary Adaptation. Johnson, I.A., & A.F. Bennett (eds.) Cambridge Univ.Press, Cambridge, UK.

        Physiological Animal Ecology. Louw, G.N.LongmanHarloss, UK.

        General and Comparative Endocrinology, E.J.W.Barrington. Oxford. Clarendon Press.

        Comparative Vertebrate Endocrinology. P.J.Bentley. Cambridge University Press.

        Text Book of Endocrinology, R.H.Williams. W.B. Saunders.

        Endocrine Physiology. C.R.Martin. Oxford Univ. Press.

        Comparative Endocrinology, A. Gorbman et al. John Wiley & Sons

Academic Year: 
2020-2021
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