GENERAL PHYSIOLOGY

Paper Code: 
25ZOL221
Credits: 
4
Contact Hours: 
60.00
Max. Marks: 
100.00
Objective: 
This course will enable the students to
1. Emphasize on the normal physiology of each organ system of the body to students; this includes knowledge of the structure and function of the major organ systems, including the molecular, biochemical and cellular mechanisms for maintaining homeostasis.
2. Develop an understanding about the role of various enzymes and other factors involved in the physiology of digestion, respiration, muscles, nervous system, circulatory system and their associated disorders.
Course Outcomes: 

Course

Learning outcomes (at course level)

Learning and teaching strategies

Assessment Strategies

Course Code

Course Title

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

25ZOL

221

General Physiology

(Theory)

CO37:  Develop an  understanding

about the process of digestion and

absorption of    major constituents of

food and differentiate between the

structure and properties of types of

muscles and mechanism of muscle

contraction.

CO38: Acquire the knowledge about

mechanism of nervous and chemical

regulation   of    breathing,   role                  of

hemoglobin and analyse the structure

of heart, cardiac cycle,                                       conduction

of impulse and blood coagulation.

CO39: Develop an understanding about osmotic and ionic regulation

and    the role of kidneys in the

process of excretion and hormonal

regulation of water and electrolyte

balance.

CO40:  Acquire  the  knowledge

about components of the nervous

system and conduction of nerve

impulses and reflex activity.

CO41: Intercept the knowledge about

Approach in

teaching:

Interactive

Lectures,

Discussion,

Tutorials,

Reading

assignments,

Demonstration,

Learning

activities for

the students:

Self-learning

assignments, Effective

questions,

Simulation,

Seminar

presentation,

Giving tasks,

Class test,

Semester

end

examinations,

Quiz

Assigments

Presentation

Individual

and group

projects

 

different    endocrine    glands,                 their

hormones, functions and mechanism

of hormone action.

CO42:    Contribute    effectively               in

course-specific interaction

 

 

 

14.00
Unit I: 
Digestion
   Digestive enzymes and digestion of carbohydrates, proteins and lipids
Intestinal absorption and assimilation 
Physiology of movement
Ultrastructure of skeletal, smooth and cardiac muscle
Muscle contraction
Physical properties of muscle
 
14.00
Unit II: 
Respiration and circulation
Respiration
Gases in external environment
Respiratory organs and their ventilation.
Respiratory pigments, Role of hemoglobin.
BMR
Transport of respiratory gases
Concept of partial pressure
Nervous and chemical control of respiration
Circulation
Structure of heart
Cardiac muscle properties
Origin, conduction and regulation of heartbeat
Cardiac cycle
Blood coagulation
 
 
10.00
Unit III: 
Osmotic and ionic regulation
Maintenance of water and electrolyte balance in aquatic and terrestrial vertebrates. 
Excretion
Functional architecture of mammalian kidney and Nephron.
Formation of urine
Counter current mechanism
Hormonal regulation of water and electrolyte balance
Renal regulation of acid base balance
 
8.00
Unit IV: 
Information processing in nervous system
Nervous System- Structural elements
Membrane potential, Nerve impulse propagation
Synapse and Synaptic Transmission and Neurotransmitters
Reflex activity and reflex arc
14.00
Unit V: 
Chemical correlation and Neuroendocrine control
Endocrine glands (Structure, Function, Synthesis and Disorders)
Pituitary
Thyroid
Thymus
Adrenal
Pancreas
Parathyroid Gonads
Hormonal control of Male and Female Reproduction, Implantation, Parturition and Lactation in Mammals
Mechanism of Hormone Action
 
Essential Readings: 
Sembulingam, K.Sembulingam. Essentials of medical Physiology, Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers, New Delhi.
TextBook of Medical Physiology; Chatterjee, M.N and Shinde, R.; Jaypee brothers.( 2007)
TextBook of Medical Physiology; Guyton, A.C; International student edition. W.B. Saunders, 12th edition.
Medical Physiology Indu Khurana & Arushi Khurana. Publisher: New Delhi : Reed Elsevier India, 2006.
References: 
SUGGESTED READINGS:
General and Comparative Animal Physiology, Hoar, W.S.Prentice Hall of Indian.
Animal Physiology: adaptation and Environment, KnutSch mdt Nielsen. Cambridge Press, UK.
Ganong. Review of medical physiology. 21st edition, Lang medical Publications.
An Introduction to Animal Physiology, Ian Kay, Bios scientific Pub., Oxford, UK.
 
e-RESOURCES:
Physiology-Swayamprabha-https://dth.ac.in/medical/course.php
Anatomy-SwayamPrabha- https://dth.ac.in/medical/course.php
e- JOURNALS:
American Journal of Physiology-
Journal of Applied Physiology
Frontiers in Physiology 
 
Academic Year: