General Physiology

Paper Code: 
ZOL 221
Credits: 
4
Contact Hours: 
60.00
Max. Marks: 
100.00
Objective: 

Course Outcomes (COs):

Course

Learning outcomes

                       (at course level)

Learning and teaching strategies

Assessment Strategies

Paper Code

Paper Title

ZOL 221

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

General Physiology

The students will  –

CO32: Develop an understanding about the process of digestion and absorption of major constituents of food and mechanism of walk along the theory of muscle contraction.

CO33:  Analyse about the structure of heart, cardiac cycle, conduction of impulse and blood coagulation.

CO34: Acquire the knowledge about mechanism and nervous and chemical regulation of breathing, role of haemoglobin and transport of gases based on partial pressure.

CO35: Develop an understanding about the process of excretion and role of kidneys and components of the nervous system and conduction of nerve impulses.

CO36: Intercept the knowledge about different endocrine glands, their hormones, functions and mechanism of hormone action.

Approach in teaching:

Interactive Lectures, Discussion, Tutorials, Reading assignments, Demonstration, Team teaching

 

Learning activities for the students:

Self-learning assignments, Effective questions, Simulation, Seminar presentation, Giving tasks, Field practical

Class test

Semester end examinations

Quiz

Assignments

Presentation

Individual and group projects

 

13.00
Unit I: 
UNIT I
Digestion
● Digestive enzymes and digestion of carbohydrates, proteins and lipids
● Intestinal absorption and assimilation Physiology of movement
● Ultrastructure of skeletal, smooth and cardiac muscle
● Muscle contraction
● Physical properties of muscle
14.00
Unit II: 
UNIT II
Respiration
● Gases in external environment
● Respiratory organs and their ventilation.
● Respiratory pigments, Role of haemoglobin.
● BMR
● Transport of respiratory gases
● Concept of partial pressure
● Nervous and chemical control of respiration 
Circulation
● Structure of heart
● Cardiac muscle properties
● Origin, conduction and regulation of heartbeat
● Cardiac cycle
● Blood coagulation

 

11.00
Unit III: 
UNIT III
Osmotic and ionic regulation
● Maintenance of water and electrolyte balance in aquatic and terrestrial vertebrates.
Excretion
● Functional architecture of mammalian kidney and Nephron.
● Formation of urine
● Counter current mechanism
● Hormonal regulation of water and electrolyte balance
● Renal regulation of acid base balance
8.00
Unit IV: 
UNIT IV
Information processing in sensory and nervous system
● Nervous System- Structural elements
● Membrane potential, Nerve impulse propagation
● Synapse and Synaptic Transmission and Neurotransmitters
● Reflex activity and reflex arc
14.00
Unit V: 
UNIT V
Chemical correlation and Neuroendocrine control
Endocrine glands (Structure, Function, Synthesis and Disorders)
● Pituitary
● Thyroid
● Thymus
● Adrenal
● Pancreas
● Parathyroid
Essential Readings: 
ESSENTIAL READINGS: 
Sembulingam, K.Sembulingam. Essentials of medical Physiology, Jaypee Brothers  Medical Publishers, New Delhi. 
● TextBook of Medical Physiology; Chatterjee, M.N and Shinde, R.; Jaypee brothers.( 2007)
● TextBook of Medical Physiology; Guyton, A.C; International student edition. W.B.  Saunders, 12th edition.
● Medical Physiology Indu Khurana & Arushi Khurana. Publisher: New Delhi : Reed Elsevier India, 2006. 
 
 
SUGGESTED READINGS:
● General and Comparative Animal Physiology, Hoar, W.S.Prentice Hall of Indian. 
● Animal Physiology: adaptation and Environment,KnutSch mdt Nielsen. Cambridge Press,  UK. 
● Ganong. Review of medical physiology. 21 st edition, Lang medical Publications. 
● An Introduction to Animal Physiology, Ian Kay, Bios scientific Pub., Oxford, UK.
 
e-RESOURCES:
● e-PGpathshala- inflibnet center- 
● Physiology-Swayamprabha-https://dth.ac.in/medical/course.php
● Anatomy-SwayamPrabha-  https://dth.ac.in/medical/course.php
 
e- JOURNALS: 
● American Journal of Physiology-
● Journal of Applied Physiology
● Frontiers in Physiology

 

Academic Year: 
2023-2024
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