Gene Differentiation & Gamete Biology

Paper Code: 
ZOL 421
Credits: 
4
Contact Hours: 
60.00
Max. Marks: 
100.00
16.00
Unit I: 
UNIT I

Introduction to  animal development

  • Problems  and scope of developmental biology
  • Development in unicellular eukaryotes
  • Developmental patterns in Metazoans

Developmental mechanism of evolutionary changes

Spermatogenesis

Oogenesis & vitellogenesis

  • Morphology
  • Endocrinology
  • Ovarian follicular growth and differentiation

Ovulation and ovum transport in mammals

12.00
Unit II: 
UNIT II

Fertilization

Creating multicellularity

  • Cleavage types and Blastulation
  • Gastrulation in tetrapods

Early Vertebrate development(till differentiation)

  • Neurulation and ectoderm

Mesoderm and endoderm

12.00
Unit III: 
UNIT III

Cytoplasmic determinants and autonomous cell specification

  • Cell commitment and differentiation
  • Cell specification in nematodes
  • Germ cell determinants
  • Germ cell migration
  • Progressive cell -cell interaction

Body axes

  • Establishment of body axis in mammals and birds
  • Genetics of axis specifications in Drosophila

Homeobox concept 

10.00
Unit IV: 
UNIT IV

Tetrapod limb development

  • Specification of the Limb feids:Hox genes and Retinoic acid
  • Induction of the early Limb bud : Fibroblast Growth factors
  • Specification of Forelimb or Himdlimb:Tbx4 and Tbx5
  • Induction of the apical Ectodermal ridge
  • Generating the Proximal –Distal axis of the limb
  • Specification of the Anterior –Posterior limb
  • Generation of  the Dorsal –Ventral axis of the limb
  • Cooordination of the three axis
  • Cell Death and the formation of the digits and Joints

Hormones as mediators of development

  • Amphibians Metamorphosis: Morphological Changes, Biochemical Changes associated with metamorphosis and Hormonal Control
  • Insect Metamorphosis: Types of insect metamorphosis, Hormonal control

 

10.00
Unit V: 
UNIT V

Chromosomal sex determination in mammals: Testis determining genes, Ovarian genes

Secondary sex determination in mammals

Environmental sex determination

 Significance of  Stem Cells

Teratology

Essential Readings: 
  • An Introduction to Embryology : Balinsky, B.I. : W.B. Saudersm, Delhi.
  • Development Biology. Berrill, N.J. McGraw Hill book Com. New York.
  • Modern Embryology : Bodemer, C.W. : Holt Reinchart and Winstom, Inc. New York, Chicago.

 

Academic Year: 
2015-2016
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