· Autecology & Synecology
· Abiotic Factors of Environment—Temperature, light , Pressure
· Substratum-Soil as a substratum
· Biogeochemical cycles-Nitrogen, Carbon, Water & Sulphur
Populations- Characteristics, Regulation of densities, growth curves
· Introduction, scope and application of Biostatistics
· Frequency distribution
Graphical presentation of data