Developmental Biology

Paper Code: 
ZOL-402
Credits: 
3
Contact Hours: 
45.00
Max. Marks: 
100.00
Objective: 
Course Objectives: 
 
This course will enable the students to 
1. Critically analyze how organisms maintain gamete population, carry out fertilization process, ways and different patterns of cleavage to form zygote. 
2. Explain and reflect the organogenesis in chick, extra embryonic membranes, types & physiology of placenta. 
3. Build deep understanding about the concepts of metamorphosis, apoptosis and teratogenesis. 
 
 

Course

Learning outcomes 

(at course level)

Learning and 

teaching 

strategies

Assessment  Strategies

Paper

Code

Paper Title

ZOL 

402

Developmental  Biology

The students will –

CO41: Analyze various events occurring during development of an Organism.

CO42: Evaluate the evolution of different concepts in developmental biology

CO43: Formulate the process of Fertilization, different patterns  of cleavage to form zygote.

CO44: Relate and compare the  mechanisms of

embryonic development, fate maps, organogenesis in chick and about extra embryonic membranes

CO45: Assess types & physiology of placenta and process of apoptosis.

Approach in teaching: 

Interactive class  Lectures Discussion, Tutorials, Reading assignments, Demonstration,  Team teaching

Learning activities for the  students:

Self-learning assignments, Effective questions, Simulation, Seminar

Class test Semester end  examinations  Quiz Solving problems in tutorials Assignments  Presentation  Individual and group projects
 
 
 
 
 
10.00
Unit I: 
Unit I
 
● Baer’s Law, Biogenetic Law 
● Gametogenesis- Spermatogenesis & Oogenesis, Vitellogenesis 
● Fertilization- (Approximation of Gametes, Capacitation and contact, Acrosomal reactions,  Activation of ovum, Migration of Pronuclei and amphimixis ,) and its Significance 
 
9.00
Unit II: 
Unit-II
 
● Parthenogenesis 
● Types of eggs, Planes and Patterns of cleavage, Types of cleavage 
● Blastulation, 
● Gastrulation: Morphogenetic Movements. 
 
10.00
Unit III: 
Unit III
 
● Fate maps (amphibian, chick), Methods of preparation of fate maps 
● Organogenesis in Chick 
● Extra embryonic membranes 
● Types & physiology of placenta 
 
8.00
Unit IV: 
IV
● Concept of Embryonic Induction (Types) 
● Regeneration, Its types and Mechanism of regeneration in Amphibian
● Ageing: Symptoms and Theories of ageing 
● Stem Cells:Types and Significance 
 
8.00
Unit V: 
Unit V
 
● Metamorphosis in Frog & Insects. 
● Role of Hormones in metamorphosis 
● Apoptosis 
● Teratogenesis 
 
Essential Readings: 
ESSENTIAL READING: 
● P S Verma and V K Agarwal Chordate Embryology S. Chand Publishing, 2006 ISBN 8121902614
● K.V. Sastry & Vineeta Shukla Developmental Biology 2nd Revised Edition: 2018-2019 ISBN 978-93-5078-128-9.
● Gilbert, S. F. (2010). Developmental Biology, IX Edition, Sinauer Associates, Inc., Publishers,  Sunderland, Massachusetts, USA. 
● Balinsky B. I. and Fabian B. C. (1981). An Introduction to Embryology, V Edition, International Thompson Computer Press. 
 
 
SUGGESTED READINGS:
 
● Carlson, R. F. Patten's Foundations of Embryology 
● Kalthoff (2008). Analysis of Biological Development, II Edition, McGraw-HillPublishers. 
● Lewis Wolpert (2002). Principles of Development. II Edition, Oxford UniversityPress. 
● Developmental Biology. Berril. N.J. and Karp. G.McGraw Hill, New York. 
● Gene activity during early development, Davidson, E. H. Academic Press, New York.
e-RESOURCE
 
Academic Year: 
2022-2023
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