COMPARATIVE ANATOMY OF VERTEBRATES

Paper Code: 
24CZOL611
Credits: 
4
Contact Hours: 
60.00
Max. Marks: 
100.00
Objective: 
Course Objectives (Cos):
This course will enable the students to –
1. Compare biological systems across vertebrate groups.
2. Evaluate integumentary and skeletal system development in vertebrates.
3. Differentiate the evolution of circulatory and respiratory systems among vertebrates.
 
Course Outcomes: 

Course

Learning outcomes

(at course level)

Learning and 

teaching strategies

Assessment

Strategies

 Course Code

Course Title

 

 

 

24CZOL 611

 

Comparative

Anatomy of

Vertebrates

THEORY

 

 

CO:145 Comparatively  analyse various   biological systems of  vertebrate groups (Pisces,  Amphibia, Reptile, Aves,  Mammal) 

CO:146 Appraise the   development of  integumentary and   Skeletal systems in different classes of  vertebrates. 

CO:147 Differentiate the  evolution of circulatory and respiratory systems  and associated  similarities and 

dissimilarities among vertebrates. 

CO:148 Compare detailed  anatomy of the brain and  various sense organs in  vertebrates

CO :149 Establish evolutionary relationships among their  development.

CO:150 Contribute effectively in course-specific interaction

The approach in  teaching:

Interactive 

Lectures, 

Discussion,  

Demonstration, 

Mind map

Learning 

activities for the  students:

Self-learning 

assignments, 

Effective 

questions, 

Seminar 

presentation, 

Giving tasks, 

Chart preparation

Assessment 

Strategies

Class test, Semester  end examinations,  Quiz, Solving 

problems in tutorials,  Assignments,Presentation.

 

12.00
Unit I: 
Integumentary System

Comparative study of various systems in vertebrate groups (Pisces, Amphibia, Reptile,  Aves, Mammal)

Vertebrate integument and its derivatives 
Development, general structure and functions of skin & its derivatives(Glands, scales,  feathers and hair) 
 
12.00
Unit II: 
Circulatory System
Circulatory System 
Evolution of heart 
Evolution of Aortic arches 
 
12.00
Unit III: 
Respiratory and Skeletal System
 
Respiratory system: Structure of main respiratory organ. 
Skeletal system : Comparative account of skull and girdles 
 
12.00
Unit IV: 
Urinogenital system

Comparative study of Kidney, Testis and Ovary 

12.00
Unit V: 
Nervous System and Sense Organs
Comparative anatomy of the brain 
Sense organs 
Lateral line system 
Electroreception 
 
Essential Readings: 
ESSENTIAL READINGS:  
● Young, J.Z.: The Life of Vertebrates. III Edition, Oxford University Press, Oxford.  
● Text book of Chordate Zoology vol. II ;Sandhu, G.S. and Sandhu, G.S; Campus Books.
● Modern text book of Zoology-Vertebrates; Kotpal, Rastogi Publication.  
● Liem, K. F., Bemis,W. E., Walker, W.F. & Grande, L. 2001. Functional Anatomy of the  Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective.Brooks Cole.  
● Kardong, Kenneth V. 2012.Vertebrates Comparative Anatomy, Function, Evolution.  McGraw Hill Higher Education. 6th edition. Paperback 
 
SUGGESTED READINGS: 
● Kent, George C. Carr, Robert K. 2009. Comparative Anatomy of the  Vertebrates.McGraw-Hill Science.  
● M. Hildebrand, 1995. Analysis of vertebrate structure. (John Wiley & Sons). 
● J.S. Kingsley, 1974. Outline of comparative anatomy of vertebrates. (Central Book Depot,  Allahabad).  
● K.V. Kardong, 2005. Vertebrates: Comparative anatomy, function, evolution (Tata  McGraw Hill Co.).  
● Warren F. Walker Jr. Functional Anatomy of Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective.
● Walter, H.E. & L.P. Sayles, 1994. Biology of the vertebrates. (The McMillan Co.).  (Indian Edition).  
● Weichert, C.K. 1970. Anatomy of the chordates. (McGraw-Hill Book Co.).  
● Colbert‘s evolution of the vertebrates; Colbert, E.H; John Wiley & Sons  
● Pough H. Vertebrate life, VIII Edition, Pearson International 
● Huettnor, A.F.: Fundamentals of comparative embryology The Macmillan Comp., New  York (1949).  
● Nelsen, O.E.: Comparative embryology of Vertebrates (1953). 
 
e-RESOURCES:  
 
Academic Year: 
2024-2025
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