COMPARATIVE ANATOMY AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY OF VERTEBRATE PRACTICAL

Paper Code: 
24CZOL202
Credits: 
2
Contact Hours: 
60.00
Max. Marks: 
100.00
Objective: 
Course objectives: 
This course will enable the students to - 
1. Correlate and conduct experiments, using a broad variety of experimental techniques. 
2. Learn “best approaches” for conducting experiments including laboratory safety, data replication and quality control, record keeping and other aspects of “responsible conduct of research”. 
3. Gain familiarity with various vertebrate groups and to their developmental pattern.  
 
 
Course Outcomes: 

Course

Learning outcomes  (at course level)

Learning and 

teaching 

strategies

Assessment 

Strategies

Course 

Code

Course 

Title

24CZOL202

COMPARATIVE ANATOMY AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY OF VERTEBRATE

PRACTICAL

CO19: Build and understanding of carapace, plastron and mammalian skull. 

CO20: Outline the structure of feather and Hen’s egg

CO21:  Gain knowledge about various developmental patterns through slides and materials of the embryo of Vertebrates.

CO22: Enhance their writing and creative skills by creating practical records and an album based on the syllabi.

CO23: Equip with analytical and evaluation abilities to  respond

to impromptu questions by the panel members during the viva voce exam.

CO24:Contribute effectively in course-specific interaction

Approach in 

teaching: 

Interactive 

Lectures, 

Discussion, 

Tutorials, Reading assignments, 

Demonstration, 

Team teaching

Learning activities for the students: Self-learning 

assignments, 

Effective questions, Simulation,

Seminar 

presentation, 

Giving tasks, Field  practical

Class test 

Semester end 

examinations, 

Quiz Assignments, Presentations 

Surprise test 

Open book test

 

CONTENTS:  
1. Osteology 
a) Carapace and plastron of turtle /tortoise
b) Mammalian skulls 
c) Mammalian appendicular skeleton
2. Study of structure of feather 
3. Frog - Study of developmental stages - whole mounts and sections through permanent slides – cleavage stages, blastula, gastrula, neurula, tail bud stage, tadpole external and internal gill stages. 
4. Structure of Hens egg 
5. Study of the different types of placenta- histological sections through permanent slides or photomicrographs. 
6. Examination of gametes - frog/rat - sperm and ova through permanent slides or photomicrographs. 
7. An album of different integumentary derivatives. 
 

SCHEME FOR PRACTICAL EXAMINATION:

Scheme for CA End Practical Examination

 

Exercise  1

Exercise II

File

Viva

Attendance

Total

 

5

 

 

5

 

10

 

5

 

5

 

30

 

Scheme for Semester End Practical Examination

 

Exercise I

Exercise II

Exercise III

Exercise IV

Spotting

File

Viva

Total

8

8

8

8

6x3=18

10

10

70

 

 

Essential Readings: 
ESSENTIAL READINGS:  
● Young, J.Z.: The Life of Vertebrates. III Edition, Oxford University Press, Oxford. 
● Text book of Chordate Zoology vol. II ;Sandhu, G.S. and Sandhu, G.S; Campus Books.
● Modern text book of Zoology-Vertebrates; Kotpal, Rastogi Publication.  
● Liem, K. F., Bemis,W. E., Walker, W.F. & Grande, L. 2001. Functional Anatomy of the  Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective.Brooks Cole.  
● Kardong, Kenneth V. 2012.Vertebrates Comparative Anatomy, Function, Evolution.  McGraw Hill Higher Education. 6th edition. COURSEback 
• P S Verma and V K Agarwal Chordate Embryology S. Chand Publishing, 2006 ISBN 8121902614 
● K.V. Sastry & Vineeta Shukla Developmental Biology 2nd Revised Edition: 2018-2019 ISBN 978-93-5078-128-9. 
 
SUGGESTED READINGS: 
● Kent, George C. & Carr,Robert K. 2009. Comparative Anatomy of the Vertebrates.McGraw-Hill Science.  
● M. Hildebrand, 1995. Analysis of vertebrate structure. (John Wiley & Sons). 
● J.S. Kingsley, 1974. Outline of comparative anatomy of vertebrates. (Central Book Depot, Allahabad).  
● K.V. Kardong, 2005. Vertebrates: Comparative anatomy, function, evolution (Tata McGraw Hill Co.).  
● Gilbert, S. F. (2010). Developmental Biology, IX Edition, Sinauer Associates, Inc., Publishers, Sunderland, Massachusetts, USA. 
 
e-RESOURCES:  
Academic Year: 
2024-2025
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