CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY II

Paper Code: 
25ZOL423B
Credits: 
4
Contact Hours: 
60.00
Max. Marks: 
100.00
Objective: 
This course will enable the students to –
1. Appraise the detailed knowledge of our immune system to defend against invading pathogens in a logical fashion.
2. Differentiate and evaluate between innate and acquired immunity; Humoral and cell mediated immunity and the consequences of its failure like autoimmunity, hypersensitivity and immunodeficiencies.
3. Develop an understanding about the role of effector cells and molecules of the immune system as complements and antibodies.
Course Outcomes: 

Course

Learning outcomes (at course level)

Learning and teaching strategies

Assessment Strategies

Course Code

Course Title

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

25ZOL

423 (B)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Cell And Molecular Biology II (Theory)

The student will

CO163. Conceptualize how                                            the innate and adaptive

immune responses coordinate to fight invading pathogens. Compare the structure and functions of various cells and organs of the immune system. Distinguish between antigenicity and immunogenicity.

CO164. Develop an

understanding about immunoglobulin    structure and functions and antibody diversity CO165. Analyse the various

antigen and antibody interactions and their clinical applications, MHC and mechanism of humoral and cell mediated immunity

 CO166. Distinguish between antigen processing and presentation pathways. Assess  the role of  cytokines and complement proteins in immune response and contrast in type I to IV hypersensitivity reactions and their consequences.

CO167. Develop the concept of vaccines, immunodeficiency and autoimmune diseases.

CO168. Contribute effectively in course-specific interaction

Approach in teaching: Interactive Lectures,

Reading assignments, Demonstration, Learning activities for the students: Self- learning

assignments, Effective questions, Seminar presentation,

Class test Semester end examinations, Quiz Assignments, Presentations Surprise test Open book Test

 

12.00
Unit I: 
Molecular Immunology.
● Innate(nonspecific)immunity. Adaptive (specific)Immunity.
● Mechanism of Humoral and cell mediated immunity
● Cells and organs of the immune system.
Hematopoiesis, B-lymphocytes, T-lymphocytes, Null cells.
Mononuclear cells, Granulocytic cells,  MastCells, Dendritic cells.
● Organs of the immune system: Lymphatic system.
● Primary lymphoid organs
● Secondary lymphoid organs Antigens. Immunogenicity versus antigenicity.
● Factors influence immunogenicity
● Contribution of Biological system. (Genotype of the recipient animal, immunogen dosage and route of administration, adjuvants).
● Epitopes
● Haptens and adjuvants
 
12.00
Unit II: 
UNIT II
● Immunoglobulins : Structure and function.
● Molecular structure of Ig, Light chain and Heavy chain
● Immunoglobulin domains.
● Immunoglobulin classes
● Immunoglobulin-mediated effector functions
● Antigenic determinants on immunoglobulin (isotype, allotype and idiotype).
● Generation of antibody diversity.
● Multiple germline V, D and J gene segments.
● Combinatorial V-J and V-D-Jjoining.
● Junctional flexibility.
● P-addition and N-addition.
● Association of heavy and light chains. 
● Class switching among constant region genes. 
● Regulation of Ig gene transcription.
 
12.00
Unit III: 
UNIT III
● Antigen-Antibody Interaction.
Precipitation, agglutination, RIA, ELISA
● Major Histocompatibility complex.
● General organization and inheritance of MHC.
● Genomic maps of MHC genes.
● MHC molecules and genes.
● Cellular distribution of MHC molecules.
● MHC and disease susceptibility.
 
12.00
Unit IV: 
UNIT IV:

● Antigen Processing and Presentation.

● Role of antigen presenting cell.

● The cytosolic pathways: Endogenous antigens:

● The endocytic pathway :Exogenous antigens
● Presentation of nonpeptide bacterial antigens. 
● Cytokines: general structure properties and functions
● Cytokine related diseases.
● Complement system
● Hypersensitivity
 
12.00
Unit V: 
UNIT V
● Vaccine
Active and passive immunization
Types of vaccine
● Primary immunodeficiencies: SCID, Bare lymphocyte syndrome, Digeorge syndrome, chediak-Higashi syndrome.
● Secondary immunodeficiency:AIDS 
● Autoimmunity: 
Systemic autoimmune diseases
Organ specific autoimmune disease
 
Essential Readings: 
● Roitt’s essential Immunology, P. Delves, et al., 11th ed., Blackwell Publishing, 2006
● Kindt, T. J., Goldsby, R.A., Osborne, B. A. and Kuby, J (2006). Immunology, VI Edition. W.H. Freeman and Company.
 
SUGGESTED READINGS:
● David, M., Jonathan, B., David, R. B. and Ivan R. (2006). Immunology,VII Edition, Mosby, Elsevier Publication.
● Abbas, K. Abul and Lechtman H. Andrew (2017) Cellular and Molecular Immunology. V Edition. Elsevier; 9th edition
 
References: 
e-RESOURCES:
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e-JOURNAL:
● Immunology- Wiley online Library- ISSN 1365-2567
● Scandinavian Journal of Immunology-Online ISSN: 1365-3083
Academic Year: 
2025-2026
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