Cell and Molecular Biology

Paper Code: 
ZOL-323(B)
Credits: 
4
Contact Hours: 
60.00
Max. Marks: 
100.00
Objective: 

OBJECTIVES-

The course Objective is to provide students with a detailed knowledge of:

  1. Structure and function of Biomembranes
  2. Cytoskeleton
  3. Cell-Cell Signaling.
  4. Cell Junctions
  5. Cell cycle, cancer, ageing , apoptosis
  6. Molecular structure of genes and chromosomes.
  7. Regulation of gene expression

 

Learning outcomes- By the end of the course, students should be able to:

  1. Describe Structure and function of Biomembranes
  2. Describe the structure and function of Cytoskeleton
  3. Describe the mechanism of Cell-Cell Signaling.
  4. Describe the mechanism of Cell Junctions
  5. Describe the mechanism of Cell cycle, cancer, ageing , apoptosis
  6. Describe the molecular structure of genes and chromosomes.
  7. Describe the regulation of gene expression
12.00
Unit I: 
UNIT I

Biomembranes.

  • Phospholipids : main lipid constituent.
  • Cytosolic and exoplasmic face of biomembranes.
  • Intrinsic and extrinsic proteins.
  •  Glycolipids.
  • Mobility of lipids and integral proteins
  • Fluidity of bio membrane.

Transport across cell membrane.

  •   Diffusion of small molecules.
  • Osmosis and water channels.
  • Uniporter-catalyzed transport.
  • Active Transport.

Cotransport by symporters and antiporters.

12.00
Unit II: 
UNIT II

Cytoskeleton:Structure ,Function and Dynamics of

  • Microfilaments:ActinandMyosin
  • Microtubule and mitosis.
  • Kinesin and Dynein.
  • Intermediate Filaments

Cell-Cell Signaling.

  • Endocrine, paracrine, autocrine signaling.
  • Receptor    Proteins-    Intracellular receptors.

     Cell surface receptors-G-protein coupled    receptors, ion channel receptors, tyrosine kinase  linked  receptors and receptors with
intrinsic enzymatic activity.

  • Second messenger system-cAMP,IP3 -DAG andMAP kinase pathways.

Signal-Mediated transport through Nuclear Pore.

  • Nuclear Pore Complex.
  • Nuclear export signals.

Nuclear localization signals

12.00
Unit III: 
UNIT III
  • Cell Junctions :Occluding, Adherence and communicating junctions
  • Cell- cell adhesion molecules
  • Selectin
  • Cadherin
  • Integrin
  • Ig Superfamily

Cell matrix adhesion

  • Integrins
  • Collagen
  • Non-collagen   components   of   extracellular   matrix  

Cell cycle.

  • Eukaryotic cell cycle-Gl, S, G2 and M phases.
  • Cell cycle and check points.
  • Molecular basis of cell cycle regulation.

Cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases.

  Regulation of CDK-cyclin activity

12.00
Unit IV: 
UNIT IV

Cancer.

  • Properties of cancer cell& onset of cancer
  •  Causes of cancer
  • Retrovirus
  •  Mechanism of conversion of Proto-oncogenes to oncogenes
  • Tumor suppressor genes
  • Mutation causing loss of cell cycle.

Aging: The biology of senescence.

  • Maximum life span and life expectancy.
  • Causes of aging

Cell Death.

Apoptosis and necrosis.

12.00
Unit V: 
UNIT V

Molecular structure of genes and chromosomes.

  • Molecular definition of gene.
  • Chromosomal organization of genes and non-coding DNA.
  • Mobile DNA.
  • Functional rearrangement of chromosomal DNA
  • Morphological     and     functional      elements      of     eukaryotic chromosomes.

Regulation of Gene Expression.

  • Operon concept.
  • Catabolic repression.
  • Positive and Negative regulation.
  • Inducers and co-repressors.

DNAbinding proteins and gene regulation.

  • DNA binding domains.
  • Homeo domain proteins.
  • Zinc finger proteins.
  • Winged-helix (Forked head) proteins.
  • Leucine-Zipper proteins.

Helix-loop-helix proteins.

Academic Year: 
2019-2020
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