Physiology

Paper Code: 
ZOL 411
Credits: 
3
Contact Hours: 
45.00
Max. Marks: 
100.00
Objective: 

Course objectives:

 

This course will enable the students to -

 

  1. Study of physiology at cellular and system levels.
  2. To get familiar with the role and functions of different biomolecules.
  3. Descriptive information about the physiology of digestion, respiration, muscles, nervous system, circulatory system and their associated disorders.

 

Course Outcomes (COs):

Course

Learning outcomes

(at course level)

Learning and teaching strategies

Assessment

Strategies

Paper Code

Paper Title

ZOL-411

Physiology

The students will be able to

CO 62: Understand the physiology at cellular and system levels.

CO 63: Gain knowledge about the role and functions of different biomolecules.

CO 64: Describe the physiology of digestion, respiration, muscles, nervous system, circulatory system and their associated disorders.

 

The approach in teaching:

Interactive Lectures, Discussion, Tutorials, PowerPoint presentations,  Reading assignments, Demonstration, PowerPoint presentations, Explanation by videos

Learning activities for the students:

Self-learning assignments, Effective questions, Simulation, Seminar presentation, Giving tasks, Chart and model preparation

Class test

Semester end examinations,

Quiz,

Assignments,

Presentation

Surprise test

Open book test

8.00
Unit I: 
UNIT I

Digestion

Physiology of digestion in the alimentary canal and Role of hormone in digestion
Absorption of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, related diseases: (gastritis, vomiting, diarrhoea, acidity)
Physiology of Muscle Contraction
Functional architecture of skeletal muscle
Mechanism of skeletal muscle contraction
Related diseases: (Tetany)

10.00
Unit II: 
UNIT II

Physiology of Excretion:

Kinds of nitrogenous excretory end-products
(ammonotelic. uricotelic and ureotelic)
Functional architecture of mammalian kidney tubule
Formation of urine, Counter current mechanism
Hormonal regulation of water and electrolyte balance
Related diseases: (Addison’s disease, Conn’s disease, Diabetes insipidus.)

9.00
Unit III: 
UNIT III

Blood

  • Composition and function of Blood and lymph
  • Blood groups
  • Blood coagulation
  • Function of hemoglobin.

Respiration

  • Mechanism and control of breathing.
  • Physiology of Respiration, Transportation of O2 and CO2
  • Concept of partial pressure of gases.
  • Bohr's Effect
  • Related diseases: (Emphysema, Atelectasis, Dyspnea, Cyanosis, Polycyathemiavera).

 

10.00
Unit IV: 
UNIT IV

Heart

  • Structure; origin, conduction and regulation of heart beat
  • Cardiac cycle
  • ECG.
  • Related diseases: (Angina pectoris, Atherosclerosis, cardiac arrest, Tachycardia, Bradycardia)

Peripheral circulation –

  • Blood pressure
  • Capillary pressure

 

8.00
Unit V: 
UNIT V

Physiology of Nerve Impulse and Reflex Action
Functional architecture of a neuron
Origin and propagation of nerve impulse,
Synaptic transmission
Reflex action and reflex arc
Related diseases: (Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer, Multiple sclerosis, Epilepsy.)

Essential Readings: 
  • A TextBook of Medical Physiology; Guyton, A.C; International student edition. W.B. Saunders.
  • Tortora, G.J. and Derrickson, B.H. (2009). Principles of Anatomy and Physiology, XII Edition, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
  • Sembulingam, K.  andSembulingam. Essentials of medical Physiology, Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers, New Delhi.

Suggested reading

  • Widmaier, E.P., Raff, H. and Strang, K.T. (2008)
  • Vander’s Human Physiology, XI Edition., McGraw Hill
  • A TextBook of Medical Physiology; Chatterjee, M.N and Shinde, R.; Jaypee brothers.
  • General and Comparative Animal Physiology, Hoar, W.S. Prentice Hall of Indian.
  • Animal Physiology: adaptation and Environment, Knut Schiemdt Neilsen. Cambridge  Press, UK.
  • A regulatory Systems Approach. Strand, F.L. Physiology: Macmillan Publishing Co., New York.
  • Ganong. Review of medical physiology. 21 st edition, Lang medical Publications.
  • Keel et al., Samson Wright’s  Applied Physiology, 13 th Edition Oxford Press.
  • Animal Physiology. R. W. Hill, G.A. Wyse and M. Anderson, Sinauer, New York.
  • An Introduction to Animal Physiology, Ian Kay, Bios scientific Pub., Oxford, U
  • Animal Physiology Mechanisms and Adaptation. Eckert, R.W.H. Freeman and Company, New York
  • Environmental Physiology, Willmer,P.G.Stone, and I.Johnson. Blackwell Sci. Oxford, UK.
  • Adaptation to Environment. Essays on the Physiology of Marine Animals. Newell, R.C. (ed.) 1976. Butterworths, London, UK.
  • Physiological  Ecology: An evolutionary approach to resource use. Townsend, C.R. and P. Cawlow. Blackwell Sci. Publ., Oxford, UK
  • Optima for Animals. Alexander, R.M.N. Princeton Univ. Press. Princeton, NJ
  • Comparative Physiology: Life in water or land. Dejours,P., L. Bolis,   C.R.Taylor and ER. Weibel (eds.). Liviana Press, Padova,

 

Academic Year: 
2020-2021
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