GENE DIFFERENTIATION & GAMETE BIOLOGY

Paper Code: 
ZOL 421
Credits: 
4
Contact Hours: 
60.00
Max. Marks: 
100.00
Objective: 

Course objectives:

This course will enable the students to -

  1. Provide a glimpse of scope and historical background of developmental biology to the students, impart knowledge regarding basic concepts of differentiation, morphogenesis and pattern formation and stem cells.
  2. Understand of essential events of developmental biology will be imparted through proper explanation of gametogenesis, and stages of embryonic development and foetal formation and anomalies associated to the development.       

Course Outcomes (COs):

Course

Learning outcomes

(at course level)

Learning and teaching strategies

Assessment Strategies

Paper Code

Paper Title

ZOL421

Gene Differentiation & Gamete Biology

 

Students should be able to:

CO87: Know about the levels of organization among different groups of vertebrates and understand that different organs and organ systems integrate to impart proper regulation of a particular function

CO88: Be able to understand the process of gamete formation from stem cell population to mature ova and sperm.

CO89: Be able to comprehend the sequence of steps leading to the formation of gametes and development of embryos.

CO90: Learn the mechanisms underpinning cellular diversity and specificity in animals.

CO91: Study the process of Morphogenesis and Teratogenesis.

Approach in teaching:

Interactive Lectures, Discussion, Tutorials, Reading assignments, Demonstration, Team teaching

 

Learning activities for the students:

Self-learning assignments, Effective questions, Simulation, Seminar presentation, Charts or model preparation

 

Class test

Semester end examinations,

Quiz

Assignments,

Presentations

Surprise test

Open book test

 

16.00
Unit I: 
UNIT I

Introduction to  animal development

  •     Problems  and scope of developmental biology
  •     Development in unicellular eukaryotes
  •     Developmental patterns in Metazoans

Spermatogenesis

Oogenesis &vitellogenesis

  •     Morphology
  •     Endocrinology
  •     Ovarian follicular growth and differentiation
  •     Ovulation and ovum transport in mammals
12.00
Unit II: 
UNIT II

Fertilization

Creating multicellularity

  •     Cleavage types, planes and pattern
  •     Blastulation
  •     Gastrulation in tetrapods: Morphogenetic movements

Early Vertebrate development(till differentiation)

  •     Neurulation: Formation and Differentiation of neural tube
  •      Derivatives of Ectoderm, Mesoderm and endoderm
12.00
Unit III: 
UNIT III
  •   Cell commitment, specification and differentiation
  •     Cell specification in nematodes
  •     Germ cell determinants
  •     Germ cell migration
  •     Progressive cell -cell interaction

Early development in Birds and Mammals

  •     Cleavage and Gastrulation
  •     Establishment of body axis
     
10.00
Unit IV: 
UNIT IV

 Genetics of axis specifications in Drosophila

Homeobox concept

Tetrapod limb development

  •     Specification of the Limb fields:Hox genes and Retinoic acid
  •     Induction of the early Limb bud : Fibroblast Growth factors
  •     Specification of Forelimb or Himdlimb:Tbx4 and Tbx5
  •     Induction of the apical Ectodermal ridge
  •     Generating the Proximal –Distal axis of the limb
  •     Specification of the Anterior –Posterior limb
  •     Generation of  the Dorsal –Ventral axis of the limb
  •     Cooordination of the three axis
  •     Cell Death and the formation of the digits and Joints

Hormones as mediators of development

  •     Amphibians Metamorphosis: Morphological Changes, Biochemical Changes associated with metamorphosis and Hormonal Control
  •     Insect Metamorphosis: Types of insect metamorphosis, Hormonal control

 

10.00
Unit V: 
UNIT V
  • Chromosomal sex determination in mammals: Testis determining genes, Ovarian genes
  • Secondary sex determination in mammals
  • Environmental sex determination
  •  Significance of  Stem Cells
  • Teratology
Essential Readings: 

Essential Readings:

    Gilbert, S. F. (2010). Developmental Biology, IX Edition, SinauerAssociates,Inc., Publishers, Sunderland, Massachusetts, USA.

    An Introduction to Embryology :Balinsky, B.I. : W.B. Saudersm, Delhi.

    Development Biology.Berrill, N.J. McGraw Hill book Com. New York.

Suggested readings:

    Modern Embryology :Bodemer, C.W. : Holt Reinchart and Winstom, Inc. New York, Chicago.

    Carlson, R. F. Patten's Foundations of Embryology

    Kalthoff (2008). Analysis of Biological Development, II Edition, McGraw-HillPublishers.

    Lewis Wolpert (2002). Principles of Development. II Edition, Oxford UniversityPress.

    Gene activity during early development, Davidson, E. H. Academic Press, New York.

Academic Year: 
2020-2021
  • Printer-friendly version
  • PDF version