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Research Methodology and Special Skills [1]

Paper Code: 
LSC 141
Credits: 
4
Contact Hours: 
60.00
Max. Marks: 
100.00
12.00
Unit I: 
UNIT I
Research:Meaning,Definition,Methodology,research processes,criteria of good research.
▪ Types of research: Fundamental or basic, applied, Historical, descriptive, analytical, qualitative, quantitative, experimental, conceptual, case study.
▪ Research design: Meaning, concepts, need, designs for different types of research.
▪ Research problem and developing research proposal: Selection of research area and topic, statement of the research problem ,its scope ,steps involved in defining the problem.
▪ Literature search: reviewing related literature, referencing, abstracting, computer search, bibliography, evaluation of the problem.
▪ Defining concepts: objectives, basic assumptions delimitations and limitations of the problem, statement of hypothesis.
12.00
Unit II: 
UNIT II

Variables: independent and dependent variables, qualitative and quantitative variables, discrete and continuous variables, methods of controlling variables. Measurement of variables.

Sampling: Meaning, characteristics of good sample design, steps in sample design ,types and advantages

Techniques of data collection:

primary data; Questionnaire, schedules, interview, observation and other methods

Secondary data: Reliability ,suitability and adequacy of data
 
▪ Processing and analysis of data : Processing operations :editing, coding, classification and tabulation of data, role of statistics in data analysis, statistical tables.
▪ Report writing: types, format
12.00
Unit III: 
UNIT III
Theory of probability: Probability sampling. Simple, random, systematic random sampling. Two stage and multistage sampling. Cluster sampling, Non probability sampling: purposive, quota an volunteer sampling, snow ball sampling.
▪ Common distribution function: binomial probability distribution ,Poisson distribution and normal distribution curve.
▪ Standard deviation, Standard error
▪ Test of significance:t-test, chi-test, ANOVA,F-test,
12.00
Unit IV: 
UNIT IV
Microscopy: Light, dark field, phase contrast, interference, polarization, florescence, transmission and scanning electron microscope, Confocal, Deconvolution.
▪ Separation Techniques:Chromatography - Thin layer chromatography, absorption column chromatography, Ion exchange chromatography, High performance liquid chromatography, Size exclusion Chromatography.
➢ Electrophoresis SDS-PAGE, Agarose Gels, Electrofocusing, Capillary.
➢ Centrifugation: Differential and density gradient centrifugation, zonal and isopycnic separation (Brief account).
▪ Modern tools for inventory, monitoring and conservation of biodiversity : GIS and GPS.
12.00
Unit V: 
UNIT V
Spectrophotometry: Colorimetry, spectrophotometry, atomic absorption spectroscopy, Flame emission spectroscopy.
▪ P.C.R. and Types
➢ Inverse PCR
➢ Anchored PCR.
➢ PCR for site directed mutagenesis.
➢ Cloning and expression of the PCR product.
➢ Asymmetric PCR for DNA sequencing.
Essential Readings: 
Plant Biotechnology, Hammond, P. McGarvey and V. Yusibov (Editors.) Springer Verlag, 2000.
• Plant Cell and Tissue Culture for the Production of Food ingredients. J. Fu, G. Singh, and W.R. Curtis (Editors), Kluwer Academic/Plenum Press.1999.
• Advanced Methods in Plant Biotechnology, David. R. Murray: Panima Publishing Corporation. 1996
• Plant Tissue Culture – Techniques & Experiments, (2nd edition) Roberta. H. Smith. Elsevier. 2000
• Plant Molecular Biology – A Practical Approach. C. H. Shaw, IRL Press Ltd.
Academic Year: 
2020-2021 [2]

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Source URL: https://zoology.iisuniv.ac.in/courses/subjects/research-methodology-and-special-skills-2

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[1] https://zoology.iisuniv.ac.in/courses/subjects/research-methodology-and-special-skills-2
[2] https://zoology.iisuniv.ac.in/academic-year/2020-2021