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Tools and Techniques [1]

Paper Code: 
25DZOL811
Credits: 
4
Contact Hours: 
60.00
Max. Marks: 
100.00
Objective: 
This course will enable the students to -
1. To provide students with a basic understanding of diverse techniques from microscopy to spectroscopy, calorimetry, chromatography, electrophoresis, ELISA, tissue culture to cloning etc.
2. The course gives a hands-on approach to expose the students to modern tools, techniques and methodologies.
 
Course Outcomes: 

Course

Learning outcomes (at course level)

Learning and teaching strategies

Assessmen t Strategies

Course Code

Course Title

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

25DZOL

811

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Tools &

Techniqu es THEORY

CO:223 Develop an understanding , working of different types of microscopy.

CO:224     Appraise     the                 detailed knowledge of various quantitative and qualitative analytical techniques. CO:225 Develop an understanding of the

principle and applications of radioisotopes in biological sciences and detection and measurement of radiation.

CO:226 Acquire     knowledge about modern                tools,                techniques                and methodologies of              DNA sequencing, blotting, PCR and gene libraries CO:227Analysing the technique

of cell and tissue culture and an idea on various reproductive technologies

CO:228 Contribute effectively in course-specific interaction

Approach in teaching: Interactive Lectures, Discussion, PowerPoint presentations, Guest lectures

 

Learning activities                       for the students: Self-learning assignments, Effective questions, Simulation, Seminar presentation,

Class test Semester end examinations Quiz Assignments Presentation Individual and group presentations

 

15.00
Unit I: 
Microscopy
Principle and application of:
Light microscopy
Phase contrast microscopy
Polarized microscopy
Fluorescence microscopy
Transmission electron microscopy
Scanning electron microscopy
Confocal scanning microscopy 
 
15.00
Unit II: 
Centrifugation, Electrophoresis & Chromatography
Principle and application of:
Ultracentrifugation: Differential and density gradient
Electrophoresis: Agarose, PAGE, Iso electro- focussing points and Capillary electrophoresis Chromatography: Paper, TLC, GLC, HPLC,Ion- exchange and Affinity chromatography Lamberts – Beer’s Law and Colorimetry,
Spectrophotometer: Fluorescence, UV, NMR, ESR.
 
10.00
Unit III: 
Radioisotopes and their applications
Principle and application of radiation techniques in biology
Radioisotopes and half-life of isotopes
Tracer techniques in biology
Autoradiography
Geiger Muller counter
Scintillation Counter
Freeze techniques: Freeze –drying, Freeze substitution, Freeze fracture and freeze itch
Flow cytometry/fluorescence activated cell sorter
 
10.00
Unit IV: 
Sequencing & PCR
Principles and technique of: Nucleic acid hybridization and cot curves
Sequencing of nucleic acids
Blotting techniques (Southern, Northern and Western)
Polymerase chain reaction
Screening of genomic and complementary DNA libraries
 
10.00
Unit V: 
Cell culture techniques
Embryo sexing
Assisted reproductive technologies
Cell culture techniques: culture media, primary and secondary culture, cell line transformation techniques (in brief) Cell proliferation measurements, Cell viability test 28
 
Essential Readings: 
● Cell and Molecular Biology: Concepts and Experiments, (4th edition), G Karp, John Wiley &sons, Inc., 2005.
● Principles and Techniques of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology ,(6th edition), K Wilson and J Walker (editor), Cambridge University Press, 2007
● Introduction to Instrumental analysis; Robert Braun:, Mc –Graw hill,
● Cell and Molecular Biology, (3rd edition), P Sheeler and D E Bianchi, John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 1987
 
SUGGESTED READINGS:
● Essentials of Biophysics, P Narayanan, New Age Int. Pub. New Delhi. 2000
● Fundamental Laboratory Approaches for Biochemistry and Biotechnology, A J Ninfa., D P Ballou, Fitzgerald science press, Inc., 1998.
● Principles and Practice of Bioanalysis, R F Venn, Taylor and Francis, 2003
● Bioinstrumentation, J G Webster, John Wiley & Sons Inc. 2004
● Protein Purification Principles and Practice, (3rd edition), R K Scopes, Spring International, 2004
● Spectroscopy for the Biological Sciences, G GHames, John Wiley & Sons Inc. 2005
 
References: 
e-RESOURCES:
 
e-PGPathshala:
 
JOURNALS:
● Journal of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology. ISSN (print): 0219-7200 | ISSN (online): 1757-6334.
● BMC Bioinformatics, Publisher: BioMed Central ltd. ISSN: 1471-2105. 
 
Academic Year: 
2025-2026 [7]

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Source URL: https://zoology.iisuniv.ac.in/courses/subjects/tools-and-techniques-13

Links:
[1] https://zoology.iisuniv.ac.in/courses/subjects/tools-and-techniques-13
[2] https://onlinecourses.nptel.ac.in/noc22_bt18/preview
[3] https://nptel.ac.in/courses/102108086
[4] https://epgp.inflibnet.ac.in/Home/ViewSubject?catid=2rAs1Puvga4LW93zMe83aA=
[5] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/
[6] https://vlab.amrita.edu/index.php?sub=3&brch=311
[7] https://zoology.iisuniv.ac.in/academic-year/2025-2026